Environment

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Project summary

Kazakhstan’s solid waste management system has not been able to keep up with the country’s rapid growth. It is estimated that 97 percent of the municipal waste generated there ends up in uncontrolled dumps and landfills that do not meet environmental and sanitary standards. And only 3-5 percent ends up being recycled. Plus, waste transportation vehicles are generally old and inadequate, which makes the collection process manually labor intensive and inefficient. This World Bank KGGTF-funded green growth implementation program aims build an integrated and efficient national solid waste management system in Kazakhstan as part of recent green growth and waste management strategies. Policy recommendations will include suggestions for tariff and fee structures, possible subsidies, innovative solutions for recycling, including food-waste digesters, and strengthening public-private partnerships. With these types of investments, green jobs and green growth can flourish.

List of Activities

1. SWM Workshop in Astana and a study tour of small group of Kazakh officials
2. Study on financing and cost recovery options for Kazakhstan
3. Study on waste management and recycling options for Kazakhstan
4. Development of ToRs, and other project preparation documents

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Final policy note containing recommendations for the local context

Output 2:

• Study report and technical options adapted from Korean examples for source segregation and technologies for SW treatment and recycling

Output 3:

• Number of participants in the events

Outcomes:

The expected outcomes from the activity can be separated by phases. Phase 1 focused on the Korean experience, drawing important lessons learned and examples that are relevant to the Kazakhstan reality. One key outcome from this phase will be the SWM workshop in Kazakhstan and a study tour for a small group of Kazakh officials that counted with the participation of authorities from the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and other relevant players in the SWM sector in the Country, as well as authorities from Korean SWM institutions. Phase 2 focused on the adaptation of the good practice examples from Korea to the Kazakhstan reality. Main outputs from this phase was a policy note on SWM financing and cost recovery options. The note focused on cost recovery and tariffs for the sector, analyzing potential options and providing recommendations for policy makers. A policy note on waste treatment and recycling options that would be suited for Kazakhstan, as well as Relevant documents for the preparation of the Kazakhstan SWM lending Project were created. All these outputs  the have been operationalized under the Kazakhstan SWM Project, which included infrastructure as well as institutional support components.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• WBG internal partners: The activity will count on the contribution from the Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice (GENDR) and the Social, Urban, Rural and Resilient Global Practice (GPSURR), which are jointly preparing Kazakhstan SWM Project. GPSURR is also implementing the other SWM KGGP grants, and counts with good practice examples that will be shared. The activity will also follow closely the GPSUR Project World: Leveraging Korean MSW Experience (P151967), in order to distill useful lessons learned from the Korean experience that could be directly applied to the Kazakh case.
• K-Partners: The activity will reach out to environmental authorities in Korea, as well as private sector actors. The principal institutions that will be contacted will be: the Korean Ministry of Environment (MoE), the Korean Environment Institute and the Korean Environment Corporation. In addition, potential partners could be the Sudokwon Landfill Corporation, as well as the City Governments from Seoul, Gwangju and Wonju, among others.
• Other external partners:  The Kazakh Ministry of Energy which is responsible for waste management and relevant local governments will be the key partner in Kazakhstan to work with. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is highly active in the region, and is in the process of developing a SWM project in Kazakhstan. The EBRD Project is also considering the introduction of energy producing technologies and recycling in Almaty, Kyzylorda and Pavlodar. The grant will coordinate with EBRD in terms of knowledge sharing and learning activities, and the EBRD team will be invited to participate and contribute to the workshop.

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Project summary

The program aimed to streamline Vietnam’s efforts to promote green growth and respond to climate change. Because of rapid population and production increases, Vietnam is now locked into coal-powered, energy-intensive economic growth. The associated environmental damage threatens long-term productivity and resilience and limits the country’s growth potential. The Vietnamese government is pursuing a policy agenda that aims to promote a low-carbon, green growth development path while also addressing increasing climate vulnerability. Building on recently proposed climate change and green growth strategies, this World Bank KGGTF-funded green growth implementation program would support analysis, technical expertise, and consensus building around multi-sector greenhouse gas emissions reductions, energy efficiency, energy subsidy reform, green growth, and climate change financing, as well as solid waste, water resource, and air quality management. An annual report would chart recommendations for improvements in the development and execution of policy actions, climate change and green growth expenditures, and a summary of capacity and knowledge generated. Once implemented, these green growth strategies will help reconcile and dovetail policy goals related to poverty reduction, environmental protection, and economic growth.

List of Activities

• Provision of CC-GG technical knowledge and expertise for policy development investment planning and implementation readiness
• Stocktaking, review, assessment, and technical inputs into the development and recommendations for CC-GG policy reforms of the Post-2015 CC-GG Response Support Program and investment needs to implement policies
• Consultations on selected reforms across key stakeholders to deepen GoV reform agenda on CC-GG
• Monitoring, reporting, and knowledge generation for CC-GG action
• Monitoring and Reporting of Progress made by Post-2015 Program on policies, investments, and capacity/knowledge (and contributions to implementation of GGAP)
• CC-GG Knowledge Stocktaking activities on progress of GoV Post-2015 CC-GG Program
• Identifying Investment Opportunities in Green Growth
• Promoting Integrated Air Quality Management (Greening Cities)
• Identifying Waste Management and Recycling Opportunities (Greening Consumption)
• Supporting Eco-efficient industries (Greening Production)

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• 1.1. Technical notes developed for selected policy actions to guide consultations and to provide specific inputs into the formulation and implementation of policy reforms
• 1.2. Consultation meetings held with external experts sharing international best practices on selected CC-GG policy areas

Output 2: 

• 2.1. Annual Reports, Protocol for Reporting developed
• 2.2 Event held 

Output 3:

• 3.1. Technical note/ study developed identifying key investments for improved air quality management
• 3.2. Study identifying key investments for waste mgmt. and recycling (Waste Diversion)
• 3.3. Technical note/guidelines developed for greenfield and brownfield industrial zones

Outcomes:

The outcomes of this work were equipping the Government with good practice, knowledge and capacity to deepen the impact of climate change and green growth relevant policies under the Post-2015 Climate Change and Green Growth Response Support Program; A cross sector platform Climate Change and Green Growth that implements the CC-GG convergence agenda (currently being promoted under the preparation of the Post-2015 program) in line with the country’s climate change and green growth priorities. Stakeholders informed and contributing on the progress made in the development of CC-GG relevant policies. A transparent reporting system developed for the Post-2015 CC-GG Response Support Program to systematically provided bases for future discussions on the implementation of the CC and GG action plans.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• WBG internal partners:  This project will leverage expertise from the Climate Change CCSA, GEEDR, GFADR, GWADR, GSURR, GPVDR, IFC, and others to support the development and implementation of climate change and green growth policies.
• K-Partners:
  Korea Ex-Im Bank to support the Government’s SP-RCC (which is supported by the current climate change DPO series
  KOICA at the local level on adaptation planning
  KICOX on EIP development in Vietnam.
• Other external partners: The preparation of the Post-2015 program supported by JICA, AfD and UNDP. In addition, the work under the Support to CC/GG Resource Mobilization TA is financially supported through a DFAT Trust Fund. This work would also leverage the green investment guidelines being developed by MPI and supported by the GGGI.

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The project aimed to curb air and water pollution and grow a green economy. Every year in Egypt, up to 20,000 people die prematurely because of air pollution—much of it from the burning of agricultural and municipal waste, transportation sources, and industry. Water pollution is also a growing concern for economic growth and health, with most of it coming from industrial effluent; agricultural fertilizers, pesticides, and organic materials; and untreated sewage. It turns out that only 12 percent of rural villages are served by sewage networks connected to treatment plants. This World Bank KGGTF-funded green growth implementation program aims to curb air and water pollution by improving access to sanitation and sewage treatment and limiting agricultural run-off and the burning of waste. An economic inquiry would assess the cost of environmental degradation in Egypt. And a subsequent environmental analysis would identify pollution sources, helping the government prioritize work on key policy reforms and investments to reduce air, water, and land pollution. Options include the introduction of new composting technologies, biomass production, and economical solutions for sewage treatment. The end result: enhanced rural agricultural incomes, improved health, and a country ready to face impending water shortages

List of Activities

• COED and poverty and vulnerability distribution
• Technological options for agricultural pollution and waste burning  and rural sanitation
• Technical assistance and building capacity to Ministries of Environment and Planning to develop a National Account and initiate towards Computable General Equilibrium Model incorporating air and water pollution

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• COED for Egypt updated 

Output 2:

• Identification, prioritization and analysis of viable and scalable options in agricultural and rural sanitation to deal with air, water and land pollution. 

Output 3

• Policy Notes for strengthening national accounts with wealth and natural capital accounting for air and water pollution 
• Policy Notes, initiate CGE model development.

Outcomes:

The activity led  to updating the Costs of Environmental Degradation in Egypt and built the capacity of the Ministry of Environment in environmental economics; Methodology for introducing air and water environmental services in Egypt National Accounts developed, and capacity built in the Ministry of Planning and Computable General Equilibrium model developed, validated and calibrated that incorporates air and water pollution management. Outcomes were also the identification, viability testing and prioritization of technological options to deal with air pollution coming from agricultural waste burning and technological innovative and cost effective options for rural sanitation which can be scalable all throughout Egypt and the wider region. The activity was integrated with the Bank operations ongoing for rural sanitation.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• WBG internal partners:

Water Global Practice, Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice. Agriculture Global Practice, Transport and ICT Global Practice

• Other external partners:

Pollution Management and Environmental Health Trust Funds (set up as a Multi-donor Trust Fund with five donors expected to contribute, including Korea, and Norway already signed the agreement). Egypt considered as potential host country.

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The project aimed to support Peruvian policies related to environmental sustainability and aquaculture management. Peru is plagued by poor air quality in urban areas, indoor air pollution, water and sanitation problems, deforestation, and overfishing, but hopes to strengthen its natural resources management policies in an effort to boost environmental stability, poverty alleviation, and economic growth. This World Bank KGGTF-funded green growth implementation program would support two Peruvian policies related to environmental sustainability and aquaculture management.  By improving the country’s analytical capacity and environmental regulatory framework, in addition to investigating how best to modernize fisheries, this program aims to restore public trust in the government’s ability to manage natural resources into the long-term. Armed with better information, the national Ministries of Environment and Production will be better able to support local governments in their efforts to manage environmental health.

List of Activities

• Preparation of analytical work
• Presentation and discussion of results
• Incorporation of results into project design
• Start Project implementation

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Project Appraisal document (Bank) and the country receives 6 inputs on key environmental issues. Three technical studies will inform government policies and contribute to the design of the Project Appraisal Document.

Output 2:

• Ministry of Finance (MEF) and the Bank approved proposed investment projects

Output 3:

• Negotiation of the investment projects successfully completed

Output 4:

• Project implementation established

Outcomes:

These activities directly supported the development of two large scale projects with outcomes defined in their project development objectives (PDOs). The PDO for the Peru: Investments for Environmentally Sustainable Development Project is to: (i) increase the quality, availability and reliability of environmental data to decision makers and civil society; (ii) improve mechanisms to identify and address environmental priorities at the local, regional and national levels, and, (iii) improve mechanisms for opening up decision making on environmental aspects to public scrutiny. Achievement of the PDO would be measured through the following results indicators: (i) laboratories certified by the reference laboratory (number); (ii) user perception (from a survey) of environmental data & information provided by SINIA; and (iii) annual report with identification of environmental priorities based on economic analysis of environmental degradation costs.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• WBG internal partners: GPSURR; GEEDR; GWADR
• K-Partners: The team will search for Korean Governmental Agencies and Research Centers with expertise in green growth policies, particularly in environmental management, solid waste management, extractive industries, and fisheries.

• Other external partners:  Key stakeholders that are critical for effective environmental management and that will participate in this activity include:

1. the Ministry of Environment (MINAM) and associated entities, namely, the National System for Environmental Certification of Investments (SENACE), the Environmental Evaluation and Fiscalization Agency (OEFA), and the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology (SENAMHI);
2. the Ministry of Production (PRODUCE) and its sub-agencies General Aquaculture Directorate of the Ministry of Production, the National Fund for the Development of Fisheries (FONDEPES), the Peruvian Marine Institute (IMARPE); the National Office of Marine Health (SANIPES) and the Technology Institute of Production (ITP);
3. the Water National Authority (ANA) including Water Administrative Authorities (AAA ALA) and water service companies (EPS);
4. sector authorities including the Ministries of Health (MINSA), Mines and Energy (MINEM), Production (PRODUCE), Housing, Construction and Sanitation (VIVIENDA);
5. regional and selected local governments;
6. the National Organization for the Defense of Competition and Intellectual Property Rights (INDECOPI) and
7. public and private laboratories.

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The project aimed to limit urban sprawl in Mexico in order to protect the environment and poor populations. With nearly 84 percent of GDP produced in urban areas, maintaining sustainable cities is key to Mexico’s environmental and economic health. Rapid urbanization threatens to increase pollution and alienate the poor. This green growth implementation program will support Mexico’s Inner-City Affordable Housing Program as it tries to reform national housing subsidies to align with smart urban development. The program will finance urban renovation programs in inner-city areas that prioritize affordable housing in mixed use and transit-oriented areas. The end result: a feasible framework for implementing urban renovation in Mexico.

List of Activities

• Define and establish dialogue with pilot cities for proposed activities in coordination with national counterpart (CONAVI)
• Conduct review of policy, institutional and regulatory context in Mexico to determine a range of possible framework arrangements for financing and implementation of urban renovation projects
• Conduct review of policy, institutional and regulatory context in Mexico to determine a range of possible framework arrangements for financing and implementation of urban renovation projects
• Support city governments in putting in place the selected framework model
• Work with participating city governments to identify and develop specific urban renovation projects to be supported under new national program
• Conduct pre-feasibility studies for selected pilot urban renovation projects in participating cities and draft urban renovation plans
• Design a framework model/strategy for the implementation of urban renovation projects at city level
• Develop specific urban renovation plans with participating pilot cities

Outputs and Outcomes

The proposed activity will result in an increased capacity of the local governments in the selected pilot cities to prepare and implement urban redevelopment projects to support green and inclusive urban growth. Specifically, the technical assistance to city governments is expected to yield the following outputs: (i) feasible institutional strategy/framework model to enable urban renovation in place at the city level, this could for instance be the creation of an metropolitan renovation agency or some type of public-private partnership structure that is feasible given the Mexican institutional and policy context; and (ii) specific urban renovation plans for the participating pilot cities prepared to be supported under the new Inner-city Affordable Housing Program. Both outputs will feed directly into and contribute to the successful implementation of the proposed new lending operation to support green urban growth under Mexico’s new Inner-city Affordable Housing Program by financing urban renovation projects that prioritize affordable housing in mixed-use and transit-oriented neighborhoods in inner cities. The Inner-city Affordable Housing Program is expected to have a volume of US$ 800 million, of which US$ 200 million would be a WB loan under the PforR modality and the remaining US$ 600 million would be contributed by the Mexican Government. In addition, the proposed program is expected to leverage a GEF grant in the amount of US$ 5 million to support the preparation and implementation of urban regeneration pilot projects focused on affordable housing in Mexico City.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• WBG internal partners:  WBG staff from the GP Finance and Markets and Transport & ICT will provide technical support to ensure the housing subsidy is financially sustainable and the city level urban renovation plans incorporate the principles of transit-oriented development respectively.

• K-Partners: The Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) will be the main partner for the proposed activities. KRIHS has extensive research and practical experience in supporting urban redevelopment projects in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and other major cities of Korea, in particular in terms of financial incentives, as well as regulatory and legal frameworks. It could also help to establish an exchange with major development companies and financial firms that collaborated in regeneration projects in downtown Seoul to get first-hand advice from market participants on successful structuring of urban renovation projects. In addition, it would be valuable to collaborate directly with the Seoul Metropolitan Government to allow Mexican city governments to learn from their extensive experience in revitalization of urban centers, in particular on providing the right incentive structure to promote high-density, mixed use development with private sector participation. Lastly, the experience of the Korea Land and Housing Corporation (LH) and its research arm, the Land and Housing Institute (LHI), in supplying decent and affordable housing and urban regeneration could be relevant for the proposed activities.

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Project summary

The objective of the proposed Air and Water Pollution Management Program is to support the pressing need to reduce air, water and soil pollution by (i) identifying and assessing key policy reforms and investment options to reduce air, water and land pollution and (ii) building capacity to apply economic and planning tools for mainstreaming environmental management in the national accounts and economic planning of Ministry of Planning and Ministry of Environment.

List of Activities

• provide an economic assessment of environmental degradation in Egypt
• identify cost effective viable agricultural waste management and rural sanitation technological options that address air, water and land pollution from agriculture
• update and strengthen the national accounts with wealth and natural capital accounting for air and water pollution

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• CP audits analysis
• Roadmap publication
• Dissemination event

Output 2:

• Resource efficiency audits

Outcomes:

This project aims to promote, implement, and facilitate investments of resource efficiency practices and technologies among industries in Pakistan.  More efficient use of resources – such as energy, water and raw materials – would yield economic savings for private sector companies and support climate change mitigation efforts.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• WBG internal partners:

Water Global Practice, Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice. Agriculture Global Practice, Transport and ICT Global Practice

• External partners:

Pollution Management and Environmental Health Trust Funds (set up as a Multi-donor Trust Fund with five donors expected to contribute, including Korea, and Norway already signed the agreement). Egypt considered as potential host country.

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The project aimed to stem the tide of illegal fisheries catches in West Africa. Fisheries are a $3-billion-a-year business in West Africa, employing more than 3 million people and providing up to 50 percent of the total animal protein intake for a number of countries in the region. But with dramatic illegal catches, estimated at up to 45 percent of the legal catch, or $1.3 billion annually, fish stocks and food security remain at risk. This World Bank KGGTF-funded green growth implementation program will create efficient and effective, regionally connected monitoring and surveillance systems that will help coastal communities grow green economies and improve the health of fish stocks. The program will test an affordable and effective surveillance strategy, upgrade marine vessel monitoring and information systems, and include knowledge sharing with Korean partners and South American and South East Asian counterparts. By consolidating and promoting sustainable and productive uses of renewable marine resources, in addition to building on improved fisheries governance, the region will not only prepare for projected climate change impacts, it will also unlock growth that benefits poor and vulnerable populations and helps restore West African economies.

List of Activities

• Integrated sub-regional monitoring, surveillance, and control ICT strategy and implementation plan.
• AIS/VTMIS deployment and use of combating IUU
• New IUU surveillance technology identification and testing
• Capacity-building and knowledge dissemination, including south-south exchanges

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1

• 1-1. Stakeholder consultations completed
• 1-2. Surveillance ICT strategy developed
• 1-3. Implementation of investment plan prepared

Output 2

• 2-1. Action plan for improving port-state control  communication and coordination prepared
• 2-2. Investment blueprint  for  improved AIS/VTMIS coverage prepared

Output 3

• 3-1. Pilot technologies tested
• 3-2. Implementation model and protocols prepared

Output 4

• 4-1. Knowledge exchange tours completed, including knowledge exchanges with Korea on improving flag state/port state control operational coordination and collaboration
• 4-2. Regional knowledge events organized

Outcomes:

The proposed FPCS established a strong technological foundation to enable West African countries to enhance economic growth and food security by reducing illegal fishing in their waters. At the country level, the FPCS identified and introduced cost-effective solutions for strengthening IUU monitoring, surveillance, and control, both nationally and regionally. The FPCS was scaled up at the World Bank operational level by virtue of it directly informing the design and implementation on-going and planned WAFRP investment projects, leveraging a total over $228 million of IDA and GEF resources. Importantly, with IUU curtailment remaining a major issue for a number of WB client countries, the FPCS catalytic potential expands well beyond its West Africa geographical focus and to on-going and/or planned WB operations in Indonesia, the Pacific Islands, and the Eastern Pacific.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• WBG internal partners:  The FPCS will be jointly led by GPENDR’s Global Public Goods and AFR practices, in close collaboration with our  GP Transport and ICT and SURR colleagues.
• K-Partners: To be confirmed in consultation with the KGGP Secretariat. Korean partners are sought after as a source of knowledge and operational and technological know-how as well as to help broaden the dialogue on sustainable fishery services in the region. 
• Other external partners: FAO, USA, UK, GEF, NDF and Environmental Justice Foundation

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The project aimed to make cement production more energy efficient and competitive, while better managing urban waste streams. Rapidly urbanizing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, which is expected to be home to 90 percent of the total African population by 2050, rely heavily on cement to build houses and infrastructure. The problem is that cement production is generally energy-intensive, resulting in increased greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. At the same time, urban waste generation is expected to increase by more than 440,000 tons per day by 2025. By leveraging the increased waste from cities and turning it into fuel, this World Bank KGGTF-funded green growth implementation program aims to support green growth by reducing the amount of fossil-fuel consumption associated with making cement.  The program will find alternative fuel sources, including non-hazardous industrial waste and domestic trash, for the more than 70 cement facilities in the region. The change in energy source could reduce production costs and environmental and health impacts currently associated with urban growth in the region.

List of Activities

• Understanding the situation and the potential of green growth in cement
• Analyzing the situation of usable waste streams and identifying opportunities
• Helping stakeholders understand the opportunity through dialogue and a common vision
• Developing an action plan for greener cement in Africa
• Implementing an ICT platform for greener cement

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:  Diagnosis

• Events (meetings, training, workshops, etc.) with stakeholders
• Reports (assessments, surveys, etc.) completed

Output 2: Action Plan

• Events (meetings, training, workshops, etc.) with stakeholders
• Reports (assessments, surveys, etc.) completed
• Roadmaps completed

Output 3: Implementation

• Events
• Knowledge dissemination material completed
• Industrial entities implementing the recommended measures
• Decrease in fossil fuel (especially coal) use
• Increase in alternative fuel use
• Reduction in GHG emissions, by tons of CO2e per year
• Energy/Fuel cost savings, $ per year

Outcomes:

The project ran for two years and expected to achieve following outcomes: An active stakeholder engagement platform which will facilitate dissemination of information and create an inclusive decision-making environment; Diagnostic reports that analyze current state of cement industries and waste streams to present opportunities for using waste as an alternative fuel; Greener Cement Roadmap will outline the steps needs to be taken to achieve a clean cement industry, and how to create a business environment incentivizing resource efficiency; Government agencies and cement industry stakeholders will be better informed about impacts and benefits of adopting clean production measures; ICT Platform will allow better management and re-direction of waste from landfills to be used as fuel in cement kilns; an opportunity to promote a regional mechanisms that would help develop these initiatives in the region. This will be explored jointly with IFC MAS/ Infra as the project is developed.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• WBG internal partners: IFC MAS Investment team works with cement industry actors in Africa. These existing client relations will be leveraged to establish strategic dialogue platforms which will be crucial for diagnosing of gaps and opportunities.
• External partners from Korea: The Korea Industrial Complex Corporation has an MOU with the IFC. KICOX is a global expert on industrial symbiosis, one of the main solutions to waste use in clinker production. The team has had initial exchanges on engagement. The Korea Cement Association has over 20 years of experience in sustainable and green cement. Their knowledge could provide input to the project.
• Other external partners: The local Clean Production Centers established by UNIDO, if they are present in the country selected for the project.

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Robust Decision Making (RDM) is a state-of-the-art method for making sound investment and planning decisions in the face of uncertainties, such as climate, economic conditions, population, technology, and regulations. Used extensively in many countries—for instance, in making water and energy investment decisions—RDM uses new analytical tools to help stakeholders understand investment options and evaluate future scenarios. The multi-year program investigates new decision-making methodologies addressing climate change risks and uncertainties, and applies the methods in pilot programs. The pilots will test and validate the decision-making tools for possible use in appropriate KGGTF-supported investment programs.

List of Activities

• Helping Peru to make robust water management decisions to cope with these deep climate and development uncertainties
• Presenting a valuable opportunity for tailoring and applying new methodologies for making robust decisions
• Testing and validating the decision-making tools for possible use in appropriate KGGTF-supported investment programs

Outputs and Outcomes

A qualitative application of RDM would have a number of valuable outcomes, such as improving the “robustness” of the decision-making by water utilities, better equipping water utilities to more effectively use quantitative models in the future to make investment decisions, and piloting a qualitative version of robust decision making, which has been discussed but not yet implemented in practice. This project also has the potential to show how such analyses can guide future investments in new models and data collection. A qualitative assessment of SEDAPAL’s plans will help hone in on the key uncertainties that drive SEDAPAL’s investment decisions and that must therefore be managed. This knowledge can help guide SEDAPAL in investing its limited resources in model development and data gathering that add the most value to SEDAPAL’s planning processes.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

Importantly, this project operationalizes the extensive work recently undertaken by the Bank with funding from Korea's Global Green Growth Institute to demonstrate how robust decision making can help Ho Chi Minh City develop integrated flood risk management strategies in the face of such deep uncertainty. Furthermore, the Wetland Management Planning pilot would draw heavily on the existing formal collaboration between the Government of Sri Lanka and the Korean Research Institute for Human Settlements.

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This project promoted resource efficient cleaner production, or RECP, among small and medium enterprises in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. RCEP analysis that considers the life cycle, value chain, and environmental footprint of products helped reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve efficiency, create jobs, and bolster companies for climate change, in addition to limiting pollution. On a regional level, government representatives organized around this KGGTF support to share information and knowledge via forums on RECP. And on a national level, they worked to strengthen policies and regulations that incentivize and monitor green manufacturing, including frameworks for benchmarking and financing RECP interventions. This grant also helped fuel existing World Bank RECP lending efforts in South Asia that address resource scarcity, pollution, and opportunities for green jobs. Activities supported by this KGGTF program would help facilitate India’s ambitious greenhouse gas emission reduction goals, Bangladesh’s air quality management targets, and Pakistan’s need for immediate climate change and environmental mitigation efforts, among other aggressive green growth goals.

List of Activities

• Policies and regulations, including standards and benchmarks, to support the development and deployment of RECP intervention;
• Institutional strengthening and capacity building in order to develop the local ‘anchors’ for a sustainable RECP program that can grow over the years;
• Financing mechanisms that make use of existing and innovative channels of concessional and commercial finance to support technology, institutions, policies, and regulations for RECP in the countries of interest

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1: Report on Baseline and Report on Regulatory Frameworks

Output 2: Capacity building program is launched

Output 3: Report on financing mechanisms and instrument

Outcomes:

The RECP approach led to identifying measures that are more efficient in terms of delivering co-benefits for the local environment (e.g. reducing air pollution) as well as for climate change (e.g. reducing GHG emissions). The program also prioritized activities from a cost-effectiveness perspective in delivering the co-benefits, thereby identifying the more economically efficient measures for RECP. 

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• WBG internal partners: coordinated by a task team in the Environment and Natural Resources Global Practice (GENDR), in partnership with the Climate Change CCSA. It is likely to collaborate with the Finance and Markets Global Practice, the Water Global Practice, and the Energy Global Practice, and the IFC.
• K-Partners: 
  the Korea National Cleaner Production Center (http://www.kncpc.or.kr/en/main/main.asp ) was approached as a partner.
• Other external partners: This program was undertaken in collaboration with representatives from the governments of three countries in SAR - Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. The joint UNIDO-UNEP Resource Efficient Cleaner Production Program (www.recpnet.org ) was approached as possible partners.

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This Korea Green Growth Trust Fund (KGGTF) grant helped to fund the implementation of Colombia’s 2014 plan by providing on-the-ground technical assistance and capacity building opportunities related to economic and regulatory analysis, efficient use of resources, and data collection.  In particular, this KGGTF grant helped Colombia prioritize policy work, build consensus around specific projects, and help create the necessary regulatory framework for implementation over the next 15 years.

List of Activities

• Review of international experiences on GG strategies
• Review of GG indicators
• Analysis of macroeconomic trends of economic growth in Colombia, understanding key variables that boost this growth (drivers), the international context and the long-term perspectives
• Definition of a baseline scenario
• Development of the  GGPA
• Validation will be held with stakeholders
• Four to five rapid sector assessments to understand the challenges and opportunities in pursuing green growth in priority sectors
• GG Prospective for strategic indicators
• Development and deepening of thematic areas
• Prioritization of cross-cutting and sectoral policies
• Quantification of investments
• Selection of indicators and targets
• Evaluation of economic benefits of the GG approach
• Reforming of new economic tools, adjustments in existing instruments
• Discover opportunities to scale up GG in regions
• Validation of GG recommendations, actions and goals with Ministries and stakeholders
• Drafting policy document

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• 1-1. Lessons from best practices based on the review of international experiences, successful experiences on GG indicators  available.
• 1-2. Study on initial conditions and  macroeconomic potential and constraints of green growth in Colombia, Baseline scenario defined
• 1-3. Study on GG potential and key factors for an optimal GG pathway, including: (i) economic,  social and environmental indicators; (ii) international benchmarking of economic  performance; and, (iii) analysis of causes underlying growth performance, Workshop with key stakeholders, 3 Sector Assessments, Study on strategic indicators

Output 2:

• 2-1. Complementary study on GG issues in key thematic areas, List of prioritized cross-cutting and sectoral policies, Key GG investments identified and  quantified, Study on GG indicators and targets, Evaluation study on economic benefits of GG approach
• 2-2. Study on new economic tools for GG 
• Study on adjustments to be made in existing instruments focusing on feasible improvements
• 2-3. Detailed Program outline for GG STI
• 2-4. List of opportunities per region

Output 3:

• 3-1. Results of the validation of GG recommendations 
• 3-2. Specific GG policy proposals

Outcomes:

The main outcome was to identify the policy options that will enable green growth in Colombia in the next 15 years. The specific outcomes would be as follow: (i) prospective macroeconomic analysis and green growth potential of Colombia, (ii) estimated investments required to orient the country towards GG, (iii) proposal of economic instruments for Green Growth, (iv) GG indicators and targets for 2030, and (v) draft 2030 Green Growth Policy articulated with SDGs. The grant would also support a communications and engagement strategy to involve the private sector and the civil society in the green growth discussions as the project progresses over time.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Internal WBG partners: GPSURR/Transport/Energy/Water/Governance
• K-Partners: Committee on Green Growth (CGG) and the Green Technology Center (GTC)
• Other external partners: KfW (German Bank)/AFD (French bank)/IADB/UNEP/GGGI

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Basic Information

Grant Activities

Project summary

With this Korea Green Growth Trust Fund (KGGTF) grant, Government of Bolivia and Mexico planned to work with and learn from each other. The Government of Bolivia aimed to reduce environmental pollution and resource scarcity that disproportionately affects the poor, including air pollution, a lack of fresh water and sanitation service, lead exposure, inadequate waste disposal, and minimal climate resilience strategy. On a broader scale, the Government of Bolivia has requested a climate change development policy loan from the World Bank. This project helped create and implement policy reforms that contribute to inclusive green growth, including issues related to air pollution, water and sanitation services, and greenhouse gas emissions. Bolivia also aimed to conduct additional capacity building and analysis related to environmental management and climate change. Mexico had requested similar funding from the World Bank to further its climate change mitigation, adaptation, and resiliency efforts. To that end, this project would fund critical components of larger efforts in both countries and the region.

List of Activities

• Clean Growth - Addressing air, water and soil contamination
  - identify investment alternatives to control water pollution from point and non-point courses
  - identify, typify and prioritize contaminated sites, particularly from industrial activities in urban area, and determine their liability for remediation purposes.
  - control outdoor air pollution, taking into account investments such as vehicle inspection and homologation centers in key polluted cities.
  - reduce incidence of floods by preventing obstruction of drainage systems by inadequate deposition of solid waste.
  - this activity supported Government of Bolivia on cost-benefit and costs-effectiveness analyses of prospective interventions in all four areas above mentioned; training of public officials on the methodologies of such analytical work and best practices to implement the recommended interventions; and, technical visits and workshops to share experiences with other countries that have implemented similar interventions.
• The analytical work provided inputs to the studies envisaged for Bolivia to identify investment alternatives to control air pollution
• Resilient and Efficient Green Growth
  - analytical work and capacity building activities (e.g. training, technical visits, system design, among other) to support the GoB identifying interventions aimed at increasing agricultural productivity by the adoption of new technologies to save energy and water (i.e. Programa Cosechando vida, Sembrando Luz; and Plan Estratégico de Ahorro y Eficiencia Energética).
  - support the GoM in assessing alternatives to eliminate remaining subsidies (for electricity and natural gas), as well as to strengthen the existing carbon tax. The analytical pieces of this sub-component will be shared with the GoB as part of the prospective policy reforms to promote energy and water use efficiency.
• Inclusive Growth – Building citizen-driven demand for good environmental governance
  - identify interventions to promote an informed public participation in Bolivia’s environmental quality management, by strengthening capacities for effective environmental monitoring
  - assist the GoB developing investment plan

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• 1.1. Identification of cost-effective interventions to control of water pollution from point and non-point sources; 
• 1.2. Identification, characterization and prioritization of contaminated sites, particularly from industrial activities in urban areas, and determination of their liability for remediation purposes;  
• 1.3. Identification of cost-effective interventions to control of outdoor air pollution, taking into account investments such as vehicle inspection and homologation centers in key polluted cities;  
• 1.4. Identification of cost-effective interventions to prevent of the obstruction of drainage systems by inadequate deposition of solid waste. 
• 1.5. Identificatin of interventions to tackle short-lived climate pollutants for Mexico

Output 2:

• 2.1 Identification of investments to strengthen schemes that promote efficient use of water and energy, especially rural areas and other vulnerable zones where water scarcity has been exacerbated as result of climate change.  
• 2.2 Hackathon carried out in La Paz to engage with technology community on possible ICT tools to promote water and energy efficiency. 
• 2.3 Economic and distributional analysis of carbon and energy pricing alternatives for Mexico

Output 3:

• 3.1 Development with client of Environmental Quality Guidelines;  
• 3.2 Feasibility study of priority interventions air and water monitoring in three major cities. 
• 3.3 Improvement of the National Environmental Information System (SNIA) to properly collect, store and share environmental quality information generated by various agencies at the national and local levels;  
• 3.4 Creation of public participation platforms under SNIA to disseminate environmental quality information and facilitate public participation in environmental quality management. 
• 3.5 Hackathon carried out in La Paz to engage with technology community on possible ICT tools to improve environmental monitoring and citizen engagement in environmental management issues.

Output 4:

• 4.1 Facilitation of exchange of best practices 
• 4.2 Dissemination of best practices

Outcomes:

The proposed activities supported the GoB in identifying investments with the following expected outcomes: (i) improved environmental quality conditions, mainly from controlling air, water and soil contamination that mostly affect the poor; (ii) greater resilience, particularly as Bolivia could face significant water scarcity problems as a result of climate change and the associated reduction of snow and glaciers; (iii) increased competitiveness, as a result of increased innovation in technologies for water and energy efficiency and climate change adaptation; and, (iv) enhanced environmental governance, by providing reliable information and other mechanisms – especially through ICT tools – for public participation in the country’s environmental management. Also, the proposed activities will support the GoM in identifying investments with the following expected outcomes: (i) improved environmental air quality conditions by tackling SLCPs; and, (ii) increased competitiveness, as a result of alternative interventions to eliminate remaining subsidies (for electricity and natural gas), as well as to strengthen the existing carbon tax.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

WBG internal partners: coordination by multi-sectoral team with members from the Water; Environment; Energy; Urban, Rural & Social Development; Agriculture; Poverty and MFM Global Practices, and the Climate Change CCSA.

K-Partners: Ministry of Environment, with the participation of the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) and the Korean Environment Corporation (KECO) in developing Korea’s environmental management systems to be shared.

Other potential partners: Korea Environment Institute (KEI); Korea Energy Management Agency KEMCO, particularly the New & Renewable Energy Center (NREC); Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-Water); Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFDA), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MoLIT), and Sudokwan Landfill Site Management Corporation (SLC).
Other external partners: The Ministry of Development Planning (MDP) and the Ministry of Environment and Water of Bolivia (MMAyA) in Bolivia; SEMARNAT and National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change and the Ministry of Finance in Mexico.

Related Links and Documents

Basic Information

Grant Activities

Project summary

This project aims to provide the analytical underpinnings for the development of a Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) system, and identification of innovative financing mechanisms for the Blue Economy to prepare the proposed project. The project also aims to ensure the implications of COVID-19 impacts on coastal and marine resource users and to contributors of Blue Economy by structuring necessary actions and mechanisms to address the current and future impacts to the process. The main expected result of this project is the increased capacity in the government for the development of policies that favor sustainability, and increased intra and inter-governmental coordination for seascape management.

List of Activities

• Development of Marine Spatial Planning System: support to develop a Moroccan policy, institutional and stakeholder platform for MSP, MSP roadmap and pilot MSP plan in Morocco
• Development of Sustainable Financing Mechanisms for the Blue Economy: Investment climate analysis and framework for Blue Economy financing; Development of prototypes for blue Economy financing

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1

• Policy, institutional and stakeholder platform consultations and Knowledge exchange
• MSP Roadmap and MSP for one region

Output 2

• Inventory of existing investment and policies supportive of bank executed activities financing and Investment climate framework for bank executed activities
• Potential financing instruments for three prototypes of investments/projects for a selected sector

Outcomes

The project will apply Green/blue growth principles to MSP strategy and sustainable financing framework for achieving blue economy targets of Morocco. The project will integrate green/blue growth principles including promotion of environmentally sustaining new growth opportunities, identifying actions to enhance quality of life of people. The project will increase awareness on benefits of the application of green/blue growth principles for management and use of coastal and marine resources. New partnerships will be created for knowledge exchange on MSP, particularly with the Government of South Korea to learn on the policy initiatives and application of MSP.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korean Maritime Institute (KMI): To learn on the development of MSP and Management Act (2018), designing the MSP system, governance systems for multi-stakeholder engagement for planning and decision-making on MSP implementation.
• Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF): To learn on the development of MSP and Management Act (2018) and related strategies and plans and operationalization of the plans.
• Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO: Coordination with the IOC MSP
• Direction InterRégionale de la Mer (DIRM): TO learn from the current experience of the French MSP under preparation through the Interregional Directorates for the Sea (DIRM).

Related Links and Documents

Basic Information

Grant Activities

Project summary

The objective of this grant is to provide solutions through policy reform, to Solid Waste Management in the East Asia region. The objective is to draw attention to the effects of inadequate waste management and the impact of solid waste on the environment and health. Inadequate waste management is a growing problem that poses a threat to public health and potential economic growth in Cambodia, Myanmar and the Philippines. Without intervention, it not only endangers the health and livelihoods of growing populations but poses serious danger to the fisheries sector and coastal areas—ultimately, affecting the growing tourism sector.  

KGGTF supports Solid Waste Management sector activities including improving solid waste collection services, community mobilization and awareness creation and incentive based improved waste collection and several activities that address the impact of mismanaged solid waste. Furthermore, this grant responds to the urgency for reform and investment in this sector through large scale information, an education and communication campaign, development of integrated management information system and preparation of solid waste masterplan for Metro Manila. Through solutions funded by KGGTF resources, and cooperation between the World Bank and the Korean Environment Institute & Technology Institute (KEITI), the focus of this program is knowledge sharing, capacity building, sharing of efficient work practices and seeking benefits through regional advocacy.  

List of Activities

1. Economic impacts to tourism industry, loss of health and productivity -
2. Solid Waste Management investment identification, planning and regulatory and institutional recommendations, including capacity building and knowledge exchange on good international practice for Solid Waste Investments and Management:
3. Development of Solid Waste Management and Investment Plan plus Capacity Building and knowledge exchange for sector planning, investment prioritization and financing
4. Dissemination and capacity building of all components

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• 1-1. Identification and quantification of economic impacts in case of inaction on SWM
• 1-2. Identification and quantification of loss of health and its economic impacts in case of inaction to improve SWM

Output 2:

• 2.1. Identification and functional design of solid waste sector investments
• 2.2. Investment and operational cost estimates as well as financial cost recovery mechanisms and financial planning including government contribution for sustainable improvement of solid waste management. SWM Strategy and regulatory and institutional recommendations and planning.
• 2.3. Pre-feasibility studies of priority investments in solid waste management, particularly Cambodia 

Output 3:

• Solid Waste Management Sector Development and Investment Plan for all countries

Output 4:

• Knowledge exchange of good international practice, Dissemination of sector recommendations 

Outcomes:

• The objective of the KGGTF engagement will support the three countries to define and prioritize SWM sector development and investments together with the required government policies, legislation and monitoring/enforcement and financing reform. The expected outcomes are:
• (i) improved efficiency, as measures will be identified and designed to promote reuse and recycling as well as smart investments in more advanced SWM and recycling infrastructure. This will be done in combination with measures to optimize solid waste collection and transport which will further improve the efficiency of solid waste management;
• (ii) greater resilience and greening is embedded in the activity design as the functional design for solid waste infrastructure will be based on good international practice which includes taking into account resilience considerations where required and provide for better environmental and health conditions. Furthermore, the improved solid waste infrastructure will reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Better disposal of waste and application of new technologies will reduce Short-lived Climate Pollutants such as Methane which has very high greenhouse effects and will consequently mitigate climate change;
• (iii) increased competitiveness will be achieved specifically in the tourism sector of the respective countries as research has demonstrated that specifically the tourism produce is sensitive to degradation of natural and historic tourism resources due to pollution and solid waste. In addition, the beneficiary cities and regions will -in itself- increase their competitiveness due to improved environmental infrastructure without environmental and health impacts on its population and better health outcomes will benefit the competitiveness of the population directly. In addition, the program is foreseen to lead to improved environmental quality and health outcomes mainly from reducing the illegal dumping of waste and move away from waste dumpsites that do not adequately protect the soil, water and air contamination. It will also strengthen environmental governance through monitoring and reporting mechanisms for the quantity and composition of the waste generation and better monitoring and enforcement of the collection, transport and treatment/disposal as well as citizens engagement for participation on better collection and reduction, reuse and recycling of waste.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korean Environment Institute (KEITI)
• Korean Environment Cooperation (K-ECO)
• Sudokwan Landfill Site Management Corporation
• The Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Public Works and Transport of Cambodia
• The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Conservation of Myanmar
• Yangon City Development Committee and Mandalay City Development Committee
• The Department of Natural Resources and Environment and the Department of Interior and Local Government of the Philippines

Related Links and Documents

Basic Information

Grant Activities

Project summary

The objective of this grant is to provide solutions through policy reform, to Solid Waste Management in the East Asia region. The objective is to draw attention to the effects of inadequate waste management and the impact of solid waste on the environment and health. Inadequate waste management is a growing problem that poses a threat to public health and potential economic growth in Cambodia, Myanmar and the Philippines. Without intervention, it not only endangers the health and livelihoods of growing populations but poses serious danger to the fisheries sector and coastal areas—ultimately, affecting the growing tourism sector.  

KGGTF supports Solid Waste Management sector activities including improving solid waste collection services, community mobilization and awareness creation and incentive based improved waste collection and several activities that address the impact of mismanaged solid waste. Furthermore, this grant responds to the urgency for reform and investment in this sector through large scale information, an education and communication campaign, development of integrated management information system and preparation of solid waste masterplan for Metro Manila. Through solutions funded by KGGTF resources, and cooperation between the World Bank and the Korean Environment Institute & Technology Institute (KEITI), the focus of this program is knowledge sharing, capacity building, sharing of efficient work practices and seeking benefits through regional advocacy.  

List of Activities

1. Economic impacts to tourism industry, loss of health and productivity -
2. Solid Waste Management investment identification, planning and regulatory and institutional recommendations, including capacity building and knowledge exchange on good international practice for Solid Waste Investments and Management:
3. Development of Solid Waste Management and Investment Plan plus Capacity Building and knowledge exchange for sector planning, investment prioritization and financing
4. Dissemination and capacity building of all components

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• 1-1. Identification and quantification of economic impacts in case of inaction on SWM
• 1-2. Identification and quantification of loss of health and its economic impacts in case of inaction to improve SWM

Output 2:

• 2.1. Identification and functional design of solid waste sector investments
• 2.2. Investment and operational cost estimates as well as financial cost recovery mechanisms and financial planning including government contribution for sustainable improvement of solid waste management. SWM Strategy and regulatory and institutional recommendations and planning.
• 2.3. Pre-feasibility studies of priority investments in solid waste management, particularly Cambodia 

Output 3:

• Solid Waste Management Sector Development and Investment Plan for all countries

Output 4:

• Knowledge exchange of good international practice, Dissemination of sector recommendations 

Outcomes:

• The objective of the KGGTF engagement will support the three countries to define and prioritize SWM sector development and investments together with the required government policies, legislation and monitoring/enforcement and financing reform. The expected outcomes are:
• (i) improved efficiency, as measures will be identified and designed to promote reuse and recycling as well as smart investments in more advanced SWM and recycling infrastructure. This will be done in combination with measures to optimize solid waste collection and transport which will further improve the efficiency of solid waste management;
• (ii) greater resilience and greening is embedded in the activity design as the functional design for solid waste infrastructure will be based on good international practice which includes taking into account resilience considerations where required and provide for better environmental and health conditions. Furthermore, the improved solid waste infrastructure will reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Better disposal of waste and application of new technologies will reduce Short-lived Climate Pollutants such as Methane which has very high greenhouse effects and will consequently mitigate climate change;
• (iii) increased competitiveness will be achieved specifically in the tourism sector of the respective countries as research has demonstrated that specifically the tourism produce is sensitive to degradation of natural and historic tourism resources due to pollution and solid waste. In addition, the beneficiary cities and regions will -in itself- increase their competitiveness due to improved environmental infrastructure without environmental and health impacts on its population and better health outcomes will benefit the competitiveness of the population directly. In addition, the program is foreseen to lead to improved environmental quality and health outcomes mainly from reducing the illegal dumping of waste and move away from waste dumpsites that do not adequately protect the soil, water and air contamination. It will also strengthen environmental governance through monitoring and reporting mechanisms for the quantity and composition of the waste generation and better monitoring and enforcement of the collection, transport and treatment/disposal as well as citizens engagement for participation on better collection and reduction, reuse and recycling of waste.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korean Environment Institute (KEITI)
• Korean Environment Cooperation (K-ECO)
• Sudokwan Landfill Site Management Corporation
• The Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Public Works and Transport of Cambodia
• The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Conservation of Myanmar
• Yangon City Development Committee and Mandalay City Development Committee
• The Department of Natural Resources and Environment and the Department of Interior and Local Government of the Philippines

Related Links and Documents