Transport

Basic Information

Grant Activities

Project summary

In the last decades, Kumasi, the second-largest city in Ghana, has experienced significant demographic growth and urban expansion. However, rapid urbanization, inadequate urban planning, and increasing congestion are contributing to both an exponential growth of GHG emissions and Kumasi’s vulnerability to climate change. To address these challenges, it is essential for Kumasi to develop an efficient and integrated public transit network that provides low-emission transport services and resilient and inclusive access to development opportunities. The project focuses on improving mobility, safety, and accessibility along selected corridors, and developing planning capacity for sustainable urban growth in the Greater Kumasi Metropolitan Area.

List of Activities

• Strategizing the green transition of the public transport industry
• Improving multimodal integration of urban transport infrastructure
• Greening urban growth 
• Institutional capacity building

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Diagnostic study on the current public transport operation produced
• Roadmap with an action plan for the green transition of the public transport industry developed
• Recommendations on Kumasi public transport green transition strategy

Output 2:

• One report on technical analysis and recommendations on public transport infrastructure integration
• One report on recommendations on high-level ITS standards for Kumasi BRT

Output 3:

• One report including the analysis of land use dynamics in GKMA
• One report on TOD including 1) the barriers and opportunities for TOD in Ghana and 2) a roadmap for implementation

Output 4:

• One LUTP training delivered to key institutional stakeholders for Kumasi urban transport development
• One study tour to Korea for knowledge exchange on BRT development, urban planning, and TOD
• Three capacity-building and knowledge dissemination events based on the deliverables of the proposed program

Outcomes:

Implementation of the activities will contribute to: (i) Component 1 of KUMAP by informing the design and development of BRT infrastructure and ITS; (ii) Components 2 and 3 of the KUMAP by informing the selection of operation model and policy development and training on public transport industry as part of the technical assistance to the government; (iii) Component 3 of KUMAP by informing the policy development and training on TOD and green urban growth as part of the technical assistance to the government; and (iv) Components 3 and 4 of KUMAP to improve the government's knowledge on international experience and increase the readiness of institutional capacity to develop BRTs.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korean Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS)
• The Export-Import Bank of Korea (KEXIM)
• Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
• Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG)
• Transport Operation and Information Service (TOPIS)

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Project summary

Among the most pressing issues hindering socio-economic development of Bishkek and Nur-Sultan are traffic congestion, air pollution and associated negative consequences. Bishkek’s residents, for example, spend an average of 30% more time commuting than the national average owing to chronic traffic congestion issues. The average rush hour in Nur Sultan extends from 20-30 minutes to 2 hours when children return to school, highlighting the city’s growing need for capacity and public transport as the population and private vehicle registrations continue to swell.  In Bishkek and Nur-Sultan, 75% and 55% of local air pollution is generated by the transport sector, respectively. This frequently results in a toxic smog with cold polluted air trapped below a layer of warm air (inversion) owing to the mountainous terrain around Bishkek. Local particulate emissions are frequently above safe levels in Bishkek and Nur-Sultan. The grant aims to provide support to the identification and implementation of smart and sustainable digital solutions to address transport-related emissions and improve urban mobility in Bishkek and Nu-Sultan. The grant activities complement the Innovative Solutions for Urban Mobility in Central Asia project.  

List of Activities

Component 1: Public Transport Financial Resilience

• Activity 1.1: Develop a sustainable tariff and budgeting system for public transport. 
• Activity 1.2: Develop financial resilience plans. 

Component 2: Green Smart Mobility Solutions

• Activity 2.1: Conduct smart solutions viability analysis. 
• Activity 2.2: Develop smart solutions road map. 
• Activity 2.3: Develop smart city pilot project. 

Component 3: Improving Institutional Coordination

• Activity 3.1: Support the development of cooperative structures with the potential to be institutionalized beyond the life of activity. 

Component 4: Knowledge and Dissemination

• Activity 4.1: Organize knowledge exchange and study tour to Seoul for project participants. 

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1 

• Sustainable Tariff and Budgeting Reports
• Financial resilience plans

Output 2

• 2 technical notes detailing project selection methodology
• 2 road maps detailing smart city project pipelines
• Definition of 2 pilot projects and (ii) 2 presentation decks

Output 3

• Slide deck mapping the institutional coordination mechanisms to be piloted under the activity

Output 4

• Press release and presentation of outputs at international smart city events

Outcomes

• Improved sustainability and resilience of public transport systems in BK and NS.
• Governments of BK and NS ready to prepare designs for identified smart city projects (designed to support improved efficiency and competitiveness) for future implementation.
• Improved institutional coordination between the local government bodies.
• Enhanced awareness of the activity and Korea's contribution to activity outcomes within the World Bank, and among local governments / stakeholders in BK and NS. Enhanced capacity for future smart city projects in BK and NS

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG)
• Seoul Urban Solutions Agency (SUSA)
• IFC

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Project summary

The capital city of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar (UB), where close to half of the country’s population resides, has been facing challenges to meet the increasing urban transport demand from its rapid urbanization. Severe traffic congestion, air pollution, rising road fatalities and injuries, inadequate public transport services, and vulnerability to natural hazards such as flooding are affecting the city’s livability and disproportionately hurting the vulnerable and low-income population. The challenges faced by UB’s urban transport sector necessitates not only infrastructure investments, but also innovative solutions to efficient service provision. On this premise, the grant aims to lay the analytical foundation of a solution to public transport service provision to improve the ability of the low-income residents in the peripheral area of UB. Specifically, the grant will support the design and development of the first ever On-Demand Transit Service (ODTS) based on the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concept for Ulaanbaatar. The concept of the MaaS lies on an integrated, multi-modal, and technology enabled mobility service. In order to develop and organize the public transport sector based on the MaaS concept and introduce the ODTS, numerous policies, processes and technology interventions will be needed.

List of Activities

• Activity 1: MaaS Multimodal integration of the existing public transit and new mobility services study.
• Activity 2: Pre-Feasibility study on ODTS to the ger areas.
• Activity 3: Capacity building of the Public Transport Agency in UB.

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1

• Multimodal integration of the existing public transit and new mobility services study

Output 2

• Pre-feasibility study on ODTS to the ger areas

Output 3

• Capacity building of the Public Transport Agency in UB

Outcomes

• Improved mobility of ger area residents with safe, reliable, and affordable transit solution in UB.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Digital Development Global Practice
• Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
• Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG)
• Transport Operation and Information Service (TOPIS)

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Project summary

Operationally efficient and responsive supply chains are key to a nation’s competitiveness. In this regard, India lags behind other developed countries. Inefficient, unreliable, unsophisticated logistics directly impact the competitiveness of agriculture, industry and ultimately the entire country. The challenge ahead for India is twofold: increase the efficiency of the logistics sector to support the ambitious Post-COVID development targets, while bringing about a radical decarbonization of the sector.Fortunately, there is an important alignment between the economy’s need for an efficient, modern logistics sector and the climate imperative. Both require the development of a competitive integrated multi-modal system and the modernization of trucking ecosystem. On this premise, the grant aims to support the transformation and decarbonization of the freight sector in India, focusing on a deep dive engagement of the trucking industry to power a multimodal, efficient, and connected logistics. The grant is linked to the on-going World Bank’s Green national Highways Corridor project.

List of Activities

• Activity 1: Deep dive review India’s logistics ecosystem, operations, & policy (cofounded by Climate Support Facility). 
• Activity 2: Modeling drivers, incentives, the decision-making process of logistics & trucking sector & to calculate decarbonization impact (cofounded by Climate Support Facility). 
• Activity 3: Mapping & piloting policy, infrastructure, certification, & technology solutions for sustainable & efficient freight. 
• Activity 4: Capacity-building & Design a South-South Knowledge Exchange (including KOTI & MOLIT) program to ensure relevant actors can learn from the experience of other countries. Raise awareness of the challenges related to resilient & efficient logistics systems. Outputs include stakeholder engagement & training events, as well related outputs (e.g., notes, presentations).

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1

• Report on logistics ecosystem.

Output 2

• Development & dissemination of a framework & white paper on the operational model of Indian trucking sector for decarbonization

Output 3

• Report on (i)opportunities to increase trucking sector efficiency (ii)opportunities to increase logistics multimodality, & (iii)recommended long term action plan to implement identified strategies

Output 4

• Stakeholder engagement & training events, as well related outputs (e.g., notes, presentations)

Outcomes

• Direct contribution to the on-going World Bank project  (P167350) by providing a set of actionable recommendations to increase road logistic efficiency & reduce emissions. This contributes directly to Project Development Objective indicator (c) Reduced Vehicle Operating Costs on project highways.
• Development of a new sectoral strategy, focused on increasing the efficiency & resilience of India logistics.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure & Transport (MOLIT)
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Transportation & Logistics (CTL)

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Project summary

In Almaty, transport accounts for 65% of local particulate emissions. While only 5.7 % of its population owned a car in 2003, this figure rose to over 23% in 2018. The concentration of PM2.5 exceeds international guidelines by 5.3 times. The intensive use of old vehicles in a city walled in by mountains has resulted in critically poor air quality. In Tashkent, air pollution has reached a critical point with land vehicles estimated to produce roughly two thirds of air pollution. Motorization has increased by c.16% since 2016 and is expected to continue growing as urban population and income increase. Local particulate emissions in Tashkent are consistently above safe levels, averaging 130% of the WHO’s daily exposure limits. Against this backdrop, this project aims to support Almaty and Tashkent municipalities in the implementation of their smart citiy strategies, drawing upon Korea’s expertise and leveraging on the adoption of smart city technologies to improve mobility conditions and reduce localized emissions. This proposal reflects the requests from the municipalities of Almaty and Tashkent to support the implementation of their smart cities strategies and to improve growing congestion and their environmental impacts while responding to immediate COVID related issues.

List of Activities

1. COVID-19 Mobility Response Strategy 
   1. Benchmarking the impact of COVID-19 upon public transit
   2. Developing a Mobility Response Strategy
   3. Operationalization of the Mobility Response Strategy
2. Smart Solutions 
   1. Smart solutions viability analysis
   2. Smart solutions road map
   3. Smart city pilot project
3. Knowledge and Dissemination

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• 1.1. ‘Mobility database’ and focus group case studies 
• 1.2. Mobility Response Strategy
• 1.3. Written Resilience Plan 

Output 2:

• 2.1. Joint paper (section 1) detailing project selection methodology and the completion of training plan
• 2.2. Joint paper (section 2) detailing a smart city project pipeline and presentation deck 
• 2.3. Pilot project designs and presentation deck 

Output 3:

• Press release covering sub-activities 2.1 and 2.3 

Outcomes:  

The expected outcomes of this project include: (i) improved efficiency of public transport through the adoption of smart city technologies to address congestion and environmental concerns; (ii) more resilient public transport as part of the post-COVID resilience plan and increased focus towards greener modes such as public transit and non-motorized transport (NMT); and (iii) increased competitiveness of Almaty and Tashkent for international companies and investors. These outcomes will realize based on the development of local knowledge and expertise on smart city technologies and solutions, leveraging on Korea’s model and know-how. 

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG)
• Seoul Urban Solutions Agency (SUSA), who will add value to the project’s activities through their technical knowledge in the development of urban mobility systems and smart city strategies in Seoul Metropolitan area. 

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As an archipelago nation with over 17,000 islands, Indonesia relies heavily on sea transport to foster domestic social and economic development and international trade. However, while developing this network, limited attention has been paid to the environmental protection, the disaster and climate change mitigation and resilience, the adoption of energy-efficiency technologies, the implementation of adequate general waste disposal facilities, and the sector decarbonization. Consequently, the Indonesian port system and the vessels being served by it have been identified as a major energy consumer, waste generator, and greenhouse (GHG) emissions contributor. Eastern Indonesia has a particularly high dependency on port infrastructure because of its geography of population on many islands and the remote locations of those islands. In particular, COVID-19 has posed a threat to the continuity of critical sea transport supply chains and maintaining availability and stable prices for basic consumer goods across the archipelago. Against this backdrop, the objective of this project is to promote inclusive green growth in the maritime sector in Indonesia, which can facilitate economic growth, job creation, and post-pandemic recovery. It will identify opportunities and provide practical recommendations for greening the maritime sector (including port infrastructure, related industrial and logistics facilities, vessels, and fishery practices), while enhancing connectivity, and pandemic preparedness and readiness.  

List of Activities

• Greening the maritime transport sector in Indonesia to promote an environmentally- and climate-sound development, with practical recommendations for implementation in Eastern Indonesia 

• Greening the fisheries sector, with practical recommendations for implementation in Indonesia 

• Strengthening maritime connectivity of underserved islands to address logistic constraints and encourage an inclusive sustainable economic growth in Eastern Indonesia 

• Conducting knowledge exchange actions, including webinars, workshops, other trainings and/or study tours to learn and disseminate international best practices, including from Korea

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Green growth consideration in roadmap/strategy preparation to transition to low-/zero-carbon maritime transport in Indonesia 
• Green growth action taken for port infrastructure and related logistics and industrial facilities development in Eastern Indonesia
• Green growth action taken for vessels procurement in Eastern Indonesia 

Output 2:

• Green growth action taken for fishery port infrastructure and related facilities enhancement 

Output 3:

• Inclusive green growth consideration in optimizing the shipping industry in Eastern Indonesia, including the provinces of Maluku and NTT
• Green growth action taken to promote inclusive economic development and job creation
• Green growth consideration in strengthening pandemic preparedness and readiness of shipping services and port operations in Eastern Indonesia 

Output 4:

• Use of knowledge/strengthen capacity with a focus on international best practices, including the Korean ones, across Indonesia, with a focus on greening maritime sector; integrated ports development/ management; and addressing disruption to port operations and fisheries value chains in a pandemic situation 

Outcomes:  

The outcomes of this project will contribute to “build right” new maritime infrastructure and “manage better” existing maritime infrastructure and scarce natural resources by considering green growth principles, while spurring inclusive and environmentally sustainable growth. It will also feed into the policy dialogue at the national level to promote sustainable, environmentally sound and resilient development and decarbonization of the maritime sector. Furthermore, it will inform preparation of the two proposed World Bank-funded projects – Eastern Indonesia Port-Led Development project (EIPDP) and Oceans for Prosperity Program – to consider the inclusion of disaster and climate change mitigation and resilience and green growth principles into their design.  

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korean Maritime Institute (KMI)
• Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (Cooperative & Supporting Center for Overseas Port Development). The contribution of both institutions will revolve around conducting knowledge exchange actions to disseminate green growth Korean best practices and technical expertise with a focus on the maritime sector. This partnership will facilitate the identification of enhanced technologies and solutions to apply innovative approaches on the maritime sector at project/program level. 

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Project summary

The Leaders in Urban Transport Planning (LUTP) is a well-established training program launched in 2012 by the World Bank with a strategic focus on capacity building. It comprises of one month of self-paced learning –using “learning modules”– followed by a weeklong, in-person interactive session that uses case studies, site visits, group exercises and lectures. Particularly with the Coronavirus pandemic and its aftermath, a green recovery via the prioritization of sustainable transport is particularly relevant for the client cities of the WB where motorization is low and the majority, particularly the poor, depend on public transport, biking, and walking. Against this backdrop, this project supports LUTP2.0 to develop knowledge – mainly based on the Korean experience – regarding resilience in urban mobility and Green Growth, recovery strategies, and management of urban transport in the context of pandemics and crisis events. Upon attending the program, participants will be better informed and able to improve project preparation. Furthermore, given this project’s financing for the development of an online version of the course, it will allow remote training for clients who otherwise could not travel to training facilities to attend online training that is engaging and illustrative of international experiences. 

List of Activities

• Resilient Urban Transport System: (a) Create case study on the experience of Seoul and Korea’s transport system during the Covid-19 epidemic and its aftermath; (b) Write a reading module that focuses on the response of leading urban transport systems (Seoul, Singapore, London) to issues caused by climate change events and epidemics. 

• Transformative Transportation Development: (a) Create a case study based on the Korea Smart City agenda to achieve a holistic approach including traffic management measures for the reduction of the greenhouse footprint; (b) Prepare a reading module on Electric Mobility for public transport, alternative vehicle technologies to operationalize Green Growth; (c) Develop reading modules on Mobility as a Service (MaaS) including shared mobility, micro-mobility and Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) strategies. 

• Disseminate Korean case studies: (a) Deliver LUTP2.0 that draws on the Korean experience; (b) Develop a 2-day LUTP for high-level decision-makers (i.e. mayors) and sponsor the travels of foreign participants to attend a session in Seoul; (c) Deliver in Seoul the pilot session of the 2-day LUTP; (d) Sponsor participants from low/middle income countries to attend LUTP Seoul; (e) Develop an online format of the program; (f) Translate the materials into four languages.

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Case study on the experience of Seoul and Korea’s transport system during the Covid-19 and its aftermath, which is relevant for other cities. The case will focus on the changes introduced by the Seoul transport system.
• Reading module that focus on the response of leading urban transport systems (Seoul, Singapore, London) to climate change events and epidemics

Output 2:

• Create a case study based on the Korea Smart City agenda to achieve a holistic approach including traffic management measures for the reduction of the greenhouse footprint.
• Prepare a reading module on Electric Mobility for public transport, alternative vehicle technologies to operationalize Green Growth.
• Develop reading modules on Mobility as a Service (MaaS) including shared mobility, micro-mobility and Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) strategies

Output 3:

• Deliver LUTP2.0 using the materials developed in 1 and 2 that draw on the Korean experience.
• Develop a 2-day LUTP for high-level decision-makers (i.e. mayors)
• Deliver in Seoul the pilot session of the 2-day LUTP.
• Sponsor participants from low and middle income countries to attend LUTP2.0 Seoul.
• Develop an online format of the program. This format will reduce the carbon footprint of LUTP2.0, and costs associated with travel and lodging.
• Translate the materials developed in activities 1 and 2 into four languages

Outcomes:  

This project foresees outcomes in: (i) improved efficiency and safety of urban transport by lowering its greenhouse gas footprint in developing countries; (ii) grater resilience of cities and transport systems against disruptions arising from climate change and epidemics; and (iii) increased competitiveness for a city to be less congested and more livable by showcasing examples of best practices and measures adopted by Seoul and other leading cities in addressing problems of similar nature. 

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korea Transport Institute (KOTI), which will help draw the full substance of Korean knowledge
• Asian Development Bank (ADB)
• Agence Française de Développement (AFD), which will help target and deliver the developed trainings where needed.   

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Project summary

The current gaps in transport infrastructure in Africa are vast. Hard-to-reach communities face higher costs for goods and long wait times for deliveries; which results in lower productivity of rural facilities challenges reaching the SDGs from health to agricultural productivity to food security. In this regard, drones are a prime example of “low cost”, clean, resilient emerging technologies of this new industrial era. Integrating cargo drones into supply chains enhances delivery networks and augments the resilience of rural communities using new and clean technologies. Against this background, this project is rooted in client demand anchored in lending operations in Malawi and intends to build on the momentum, partnerships and knowledge generated through the 2020 African Drone Forum (ADF) and collaboration with Korean entities on Drones for Africa. As such, this grant will not only help to operationalize the best practices identified during the ADF and support the phased development of at-scale drone services in Africa, but will also adapt to the new COVID-19 requirements and renewed urgency for drone solutions as well as broker key partnerships for long term success. 

List of Activities

• Conducting Market Analysis and Supply Chain Assessment for key medical network services 

• Developing a National Strategy and Digital Skies Roadmap that assesses key enablers and phased implementation of priority drone corridors, with emphasis on the current pandemic and expected mid-term vaccine and health delivery 

• Providing Technical Assistance, including regulatory reviews, Unmanned Traffic Management Requirements, and Service Tender models 

• Assisting the development of partnerships and knowledge products via training and local knowledge exchange with African Drone and Data Academy  

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Cost-Benefit analysis report to inform green and efficient supply chain strategy 

Output 2:

• Develop methodological framework and roadmap for drone applications in the country of focus.

Output 3:

• Availability of knowledge products and tools 

Output 4:

• Staff and entrepreneurs trained in new services and procedures 

Output 5:

• Increased firm and institutional partnerships formed

Outcomes:

The expected outcomes of this project will allow for: (i) the adoption of low cost, autonomous aerial cargo and mapping services in Malawi, with a focus on the health supply chain and pandemic resilience; (ii) promotion for the decarbonization of future transport via electric and fuel-cell drone technology, (iii) enhanced resilience of supply chains for critical goods with rapid, all weather, deliveries in complement to surface logistics, and (iv) connection with hard-to-reach communities to offer inclusive services to marginalized citizens.  

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) that will help with advancing state of the art knowledge and expertise for advising client governments by collaborating on knowledge products, dissemination events and provision of experts
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) that will help broker access to Korean industry and expertise to support African drone delivery services and enabling services (eg. logistics, surveying, utm), powerplant and cold storage).
• World Economic Forum (WEF)
• UNICEF that will allow for the strengthening of strategies and frameworks for drone ecosystem development through collaboration on regulatory roadmaps and shared toolkits for risk management of drone operations.  

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Project summary

The objective of this project is to assist East African cities unlock urban transport reforms and investments that are fundamental for developing resilient and sustainable economic pathways to cope and manage the unprecedented growth they are facing. This would help prepare cities to be on track to pursue more economically competitive and livable models. As largely a business development proposal anchored in a capacity building, technical assistance and innovation pillars cutting across sectors, the expected outcome of this proposal is to unlock several investment programs and transformational policy reforms. In preparing to do so, this proposal departs from the recognition that there are several important developments in the region; and that these lessons when cross disseminated and complemented with the Korean experience can help shape an East Africa specific approach to solving the urban transport conundrum. 

List of Activities

1. Creating a knowledge network:
   1. In depth needs assessment and consultation with four cities, and program design
   2. Series of four workshops (one per quarter), one per city, facilitated by experts in the field, which will include field visit, a challenge to solve collaboratively, and documented lessons
2. Leveraging South Korea’s unique urban mobility experience:
   1. Study Tour for all the group to Korea to kick off the Community of Practice – Exposing decision makers to some of Korean’s most innovative urban planning
3. Leveraging low-cost technology to facilitate transition to modern transport systems:
   1. Collaboratively and based on the research of activity 1.1 and the learnings from 1.2. scope out using design thinking and agile software development a basic platform that supports transportation reform, from minibuses to BRT.        
   2. Platform design/construction            
   3. Pilot Implementation and evaluation in the four cities
4. Publication of East Africa Urban Accessibility Primer (Policy note):
   1. Policy note writing which includes stock taking, original research and lessons learned from collaborative exercise (The East Africa Urban Accessibility Primer - Policy note)
   2. The Dissemination tour will ensure at least two events, one in Washington DC and one in the region, as side events to other transport conferences
5. Tactical Technical assistance to unlock key Bottlenecks:
   1. Selected strategic technical assistance support for international experts to unlock bottlenecks that participant cities are facing in short term based on the recommendations that emanate from activities #1-4 above

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:  

• In-depth needs assessment of training needs vis a vis priorities to be unlocked, and consultation with cities 
• Program design 
• Facilitated Workshops (one per city) - 4 activities/ workshops, 16 participants on average per workshop with representation from four cities, 4 cities participating, and 1 Training Program Developed

Output 2:

• Study Tour in Korea - 8+ participants and 4 Korean institutions involved

Output 3:

• Basic design 
• Minimum viable designed for testing - 1 technology products replicable elsewhere

Output 4:

• Policy Note Published - knowledge products produced (policy note)
• Workshop Minutes circulated to participants - 5 knowledge products produced (brief workshop minutes) 
• Dissemination Events - 2 dissemination events associated to regional/global transport conference

Output 5:

• Just in time/ tactical on-demand assistance to cities to accelerate their urban mobility programs - 4 technical assistance reports (at least one per city)

Outcomes:

1. Improved efficiency: Cities in East Africa are facing (and will continue to face) a mobility crisis, that only gets exacerbated with insufficient action and population growth. Considering this, this proposal is aligned with the KGGTF goals as it seeks to unlock those investments that will enable the improved urban efficiency that these cities need in the next decade 
2. Greater resilience: Along the same lines, the cities under this proposal (Kigali, Dar, Nairobi and Kampala) are all built in flood prone area and are extremely vulnerable to climate change and extreme weather events, which furthers exacerbates the existing mobility crisis. Resilient informed mobility is at the core of this proposal. Leverage Korean experience in this subject is instrumental to unlock investments that are climate-proof and to ensure that the institutions that manage the investments can manage them sustainably. 
3. Increased competitiveness: Urban mobility is fundamental to these mega-cities competitiveness. As we know, state of urban mobility is leading to having these cities be disconnected and unproductive. Urban economic development is intrinsically tight to access to opportunities, for which efficient urban mobility is fundamental.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Sub Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program (SSATP) and the East Africa transport
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korea (MOLIT)
• Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
• Seoul Metropolitan Government
• The Leaders in Urban Transport Planning (LUTP) program

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Project summary

The project aims to (i) improve the efficiency and safety of passenger and freight movement across the Hooghly River and (ii) establish a spatial planning framework to enhance accessibility within Kolkata Metropolitan Area. The project supported by KGGTF will conduct a series of technical studies on green growth that can provide input to the design of the West

Bengal Inland Water Transport, Logistics and Spatial Development Project and to the inland water transport (IWT) sector reform it propagates, complementing the analytical work being done under the Project. The KGGTF activities will provide critical green growth analytics and strategy to the Project’s investments, which will integrate urban planning, economic development, and environmental resilience, support data-driven decision-making, and further knowledge exchange between West Bengal and Korea. IWT has enormous potential to sustainably connect the city, and waterfront restoration can play a critical role in flood defense, protecting the city, and managing flooding risks. Kolkata has an opportunity to become a green growth best practice of how to mitigate flooding while providing riverfront accessibility and low-carbon transport.

List of Activities

1. Integrated Spatial Development Plan (ISDP) 
2. Green Growth Spatial Strategy (GGSS) for the Kolkata Metropolitan Region 
3. Waterfront master plan and investment plan 
4. Design of IWT jetty station area plans 
5. IWT Private Sector Participation Study 
6. Geospatial data platform
7. Capacity enhancement

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Analytics of IWT existing situation, vision document, IWT growth plan and investment prioritization

Output 2:

• Diagnostic assessment, flood hazard map, risk assessment, growth strategy

Output 3:

• Inventory of waterfront land use and ownership, vision document, conceptual master plan, investment plan 

Output 4:

• Station area plans for new and rehabilitated jetties 

Output 5:

• Study of IWT private sector participation and investment approaches

Output 6:

• Development of a data platform

Output 7:

• Capacity building in IWT, spatial planning and urban mobility 

Outcomes:

1. Improved efficiency:  The proposed grant will improve the efficiency of Kolkata’s urban transport through a comprehensive mix of policy, analytics, and capacity building that will be supported by data-informed decision-making based on real-time inputs and inform the Project’s investments. IWT and its related analytics will provide the city with an opportunity to better manage its annual flooding, deliver a low-carbon transport alternative, shorten connections to the Kolkata Port, and reduce pollution and congestion. The Project’s investments will encourage IWT usage, and the KGGTF grant’s activities will ensure that the station area plans and waterfront master plan highlight accessibility and safeguard against urban flooding, and multi-modal connections are designed as a cohesive network.
2. Greater resilience:  West Bengal is especially vulnerable to extreme weather due to its river network, the presence of a number of lakes, ponds and canals in the Kolkata metropolitan area, and poorly managed and clogged drainage systems. Kolkata and West Bengal have an opportunity to lead India’s development of IWT and become a best practice of how to mitigate flooding while providing riverfront accessibility through sustainable floodplain management. Harnessing the potential of city’s natural assets and developing IWT will provide low-carbon transport alternatives, safeguard the city’s floodplain, expand the existing IWT system, and make traveling by boat safer and more accessible. The grant’s activities, namely the waterfront master plan, GGSS, and the knowledge exchange activities with Korea will directly contribute to this and strengthen the resilience angle to the Project’s investments. 
3. Increased competitiveness:  Livability and a resilient urban environment are key to a city’s competitiveness. By improving the efficiency of passenger and freight transport and increasing the city’s resilience to urban flooding, the proposed activities will directly contribute to the increased competitiveness of the Kolkata metropolitan area by fostering a better urban environment and improving the quality of life and connectivity of its residents. The KGGTF activities will ensure that critical studies are in place for a comprehensive response to today’s congestion, flooding and urban sprawl. The GGSS will leverage wider economic development opportunities around the Project’s transportation improvements. 

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (MOLIT)
• Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS)
• National Disaster Management Research Institute within the Ministry of Interior and Safety
• Ministry of Science and ICT
• Seoul Metropolitan Government, Jeju Province
• Busan Port Authority 

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Grant Activities

Project summary

The objective of this grant is to support municipal authorities of Luang Prabang and Siem Reap in fostering green mobility strategies to preserve both cities’ cultural, historical and economic values. There is a global consensus that transitioning to greener mobility will be crucial to the overall success of the climate agenda. Many cities are increasingly facing challenges of high motorization and congestion which undermine their sustainable growth, damage living conditions, and increase the environmental footprint. With the rapid pace of urbanization, the concept of green mobility and walkable cities is becoming imperative for inclusive and sustainable growth, creating high demand for design and implementation of green mobility actions. The proposed activity covers two similar cities of Cambodia (Siem Reap) and Lao PDR (Luang Prabang), that are included on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Both cities are having significant cultural, historical and economic value and both are facing similar development challenges: increased motorization, unplanned land use and disordered transport systems expansion, driven by growing tourist numbers. These problems put their future sustainable and inclusive growth at risk but are also creating an opportunity for learning from each other’s experiences and benefiting from synergies in the application of innovative solutions. To implement this program the World Bank KGGTF team will work to strengthen and grow partnerships with institutions in Korea, facilitate knowledge exchange and exposure to best practices, and build innovative tools for the two beneficiary cities.

List of Activities

1. Green mobility and walkable city strategy and investment plan for Siem Reap and Luang Prabang
   1. Diagnostic of mobility patterns and constraints on shifting towards greener mobility modes
   2. Development of green mobility vision and strategy, including priority investments
   3. Business case for enhancing NMT including a scheme of core cycling paths for the pilot corridor improvement, and Workshop and Knowledge Exchange on Korean experiences and best practices
2. Enhancing institutional resilience and capacity building to support implementation of green mobility actions
   1. Institutional strengthening and capacity building of city governments to support with implementation of green mobility actions
   2. Supporting civil engineering schools of National University of Laos and Institute of Technology of Cambodia to build a knowledge base for students on innovative, entrepreneurial and new data tools application

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Diagnostic review of mobility patterns, inventory of public space in historic cores (roads, sidewalks & public spaces) and constraints on shifting towards greener modes of mobility; 
• Workshop on Korean experiences and best practices in lively and sustainable historic urban areas, i.e. Gyeongsang, Jeju.
• Participatory stakeholder consultation at city, provincial and national levels completed
• Green mobility and walkable city vision, strategy and priority investments 
• Business case for enhancing NMT including a scheme to crowd-in private sector bikesharing systems and implement a core network of cycling paths for the pilot historic areas

Output 2:

• Capacity needs assessment, training and knowledge exchange to support implementation of green mobility plans and actions 
• Implementation of training and field data collection and analysis by students using innovative data tools

Outcomes:

• Short-term: Informed policy, capacity and decision making to retrofit ongoing programs and expenditures
• Medium term: Identification of priority investments and financing and funding options (public and private), including pilot NMT corridor improvement
• Long-term: Preparation and implementation of full-scale green mobility and walkable city strategies to mitigate high economic and social impacts of motorization and associated costs to city and national governments
• Enhancing resilience through improvement institutional capacity as well as data and evidence-based decision making at subnational levels (city and provinces) to mitigate future risks related to motorization, unplanned transport systems and risks related to floods and climate change
• Strong institutional capacity to plan, implement and monitor green mobility projects  

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
• Seoul Human Resource Development Center (SHRDC). SHRDC has been fundamental in providing the World Bank and CityNet with a platform for delivering workshops, trainings and knowledge exchange with Seoul and broader Korean institutions
• Urban Design Laboratory
• Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University

Related Links and Documents

Basic Information

Grant Activities

Project summary

The objective of this grant is to develop a Data Management System to support the Development of the Green Transport Master Plan, the Digital Transformation of the Transport Sector and Intelligent Transport Systems in Egypt. Cairo is one of the five most congested and polluted cities in the world. It accounts for 25% of Egypt’s population and half of its GDP. A World Bank study estimated the costs of congestion in the Greater Cairo Metro Area at 3.6 percent of the country’s GDP. While the Government of Egypt is investing in mass transit transport projects, rapid urban and population growth and increasing motorization warrant the development of a comprehensive strategy to enhance the economic competitiveness of the metropolitan area and the country itself. This project aims at collecting data to develop a Green Transport Master Plan and a crowdsourcing, multi-platform, integrated big data system for tracking traffic, congestion, and accidents in Egypt, starting with the Greater Cairo Region. The data system will support the planning and regulating of urban traffic and development plans. Currently, no agency is systematically collecting urban traffic data, despite the extensive congestion, especially in the Greater Cairo Region. The team responsible for the execution of this activity will partner with the Korea Transport Institute (KOTI), the Korean Energy Agency (KEA) and the Green Technology Center-Korea (GTC-K) to share results, build on existing knowledge on Urban Transport Planning, and leverage digital technologies for Smart Cities development and management. 

List of Activities

1. Kick-off meeting
2. Inception Report
3. Interim Report 1 - Data Collection comprising a household survey, a focus group interview, and field data collection
4. Interim Report 2 - Travel Demand Model Development which summarizes findings from analysis of base year data, including geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics of the study area; existing transport network
5. Interim Report 3: Intervention Proposal Identification 
6. Interim Report 4: Economic Appraisal
7. Interim Report 5: Conceptual Design of Top-Tier Intervention Proposals 
8. Interim Report 6: Financial Assessment of Top-Tier Intervention Proposals 
9. Interim Report 7: Proposing an Implementation Roadmap for Egyptian Authorities
10. Capacity Building of Government Staff - training on data collection, data analysis, model development, modelling intervention proposals, and impact assessment
11. Final Report – It encompass a brief outline of the project outcomes, particularly in relation to its originally stated objectives and outcomes

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• 1.1 The kick-off meeting will set the expectations across the entire team. 
• 1.2 The meeting agenda will ensure everyone is engaged and understands the project scope, objectives, desired outcomes and outputs. 

Output 2:

• 2.1 The inception report reviews the relevant literature as well as data needs based on assessment of available data.
• 2.2 The report includes key evaluation questions and information on data sources and collection, sampling and key indicators.
• 2.3 The report shall summarize the data findings as well as recommending the data to be collected in subsequent tasks to achieve the project objectives.

Output 3:

• 3.1 Data collection will comprise a household survey, a focus group interview, and field data collection.
• 3.2 The data collected uses appropriate formats such as geodatabases and csv, the Interim Report shall document the activities conducted in this section, summarizes findings, and recommends measures to effectively execute activities.

Output 4:

• 4.1 The report shall include a 4-step regional travel demand analysis whereby all model files and databases of a fully-functional version of the model.
• 4.2 The Report summarizes findings from analysis of base year data, including but not limited to: geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics of the study area; existing transport network (road network, pedestrian and bicycle facilities, public transport systems, conditions and access to these facilities); as well as travel demand and mobility trends, including modal choice across region and on key corridors.
• 4.3 The report shall state the Consultant’s activities in this phase, including model development, estimation of trip generation, distribution, and modal choice models, trip assignment, model validation, and performance of these steps. 
• 4.4 The report should include graphics as appropriate for ease of understanding and effective communication of findings with stakeholders.

Output 5:

• 5.1 The report is going to identify intervention proposals to improve public transport system.
• 5.2 The report will summarize activities in this phase, including workshop discussions to identify and discuss intervention proposals and proposals selected for subsequent phases of the study, as well as recommendations for subsequent phases to achieve the stated objectives of the study. 
• 5.3 The Consultant shall present findings from this step to the World Bank Group and its clients before proceeding to the next.

Output 6:

• 6.1 The report includes the economic appraisal of public transport interventions proposals, and classification into tiers.
• 6.2 The report shall document analyses conducted in this phase and justification to assumptions made for the analyses. 
• 6.3 The report shall summarize workshop discussions to report on findings from the analysis and determine the set of intervention scenarios to proceed to subsequent phases of the study, as well as recommendations for subsequent phases to achieve the stated objectives of the study. 
• 6.4 The Consultant shall proceed to the next phase upon approval from the World Bank Group.

Output 7:

• 7.1 The development of a Geographic Information System (GIS) database with base maps and data obtained from conceptual planning level of design analysis, including locations identified as potential intermodal transfer and park and ride facilities, identified utility requirements, and right of way limits as well as identification of structure footprints that could involve reconstruction or replacement of roadway due to the transit improvements. Computer-aided design (CAD) drawings of the following with respect to the proposed high capacity public transport configuration: typical cross sections, principles of vehicle and pedestrian crossing and related protections, and proposed channelization of all lanes with dimensions labelled. 
• 7.2 The report summarizes activities in this phase, including but not limited to: identification of intermodal transfer facilities, guidelines for the design of such facilities, corridor needs and areas where there are right-of-way or design issues, and narrative and visual description of major elements including intermodal transfer facilities, track location, key structures, traffic analysis, and cost estimation with assumptions and estimation worksheet.

Output 8:

• 8.1 The report shall include the financial assessment of top-tier intervention proposals to consider delivery models including nonconventional financing mechanisms and public-private partnerships
• 8.2 The report shall summarize assumptions, methodologies, and findings from the financial assessment and details estimated risks of key variables in addition to various recommendations drawn from workshops conducted with the World Bank Group and its clients.

Output 9:

• The report shall summarize the findings from activities in this phase and makes recommendations to achieve stated objectives.

Output 10:

• A workshop of minimum 5 days shall provide training on data collection, data analysis, model development, modelling intervention proposals, and impact assessment, with presentations, documentations, and tutorials.

Output 11:

• 11.1 The final report shall provide a short description of the project, with reference to the Korea Green Growth Trust Fund. 
• 11.2 The report will encompass a brief outline of the project outcomes, particularly in relation to its originally stated objectives and outcomes.

Outcomes:

• The development of a DMS (data management system) housed by the Ministry of Transport that will provide an online dashboard to city transport users. 
• The DMS will also help government transport planners and regulators promote smart investments and incite changes in consumer behavior driving efficiency. For example, more visibility of park and ride services, or time schedules for a variety of bus routes will encourage citizens to leave their private cars behind and use public transport. 
• Already, private transport companies are thinking of creating EV charging stations powered by solar panels. This could be regulated and created into a policy to help avoid any power outages and increase resilience against other extreme weather or natural disasters.
• By switching to greener technologies such as green vehicles and renewable energies, total consumption of energy and production of GHG emissions will decrease, improving the system’s resilience to climate change impacts
• Innovative disruptive technologies will improve infrastructure planning, warning systems and response time to climate change impacts
• The creation of an Urban Transport Master Plan for Greater Cairo will help develop a more fair and open business environment, encouraging competitiveness. This will be due to the data that will be collected and can be shared on digital platforms to inform different public agencies and private sector companies.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
• UK SPEIG (Co-financing - 585,000 USD)
• Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
• Korean Energy Agency (KEA)
• Green Technology Center-Korea (GTC-K)

Related Links and Documents

Basic Information

Grant Activities

Project summary

The objective of this grant is to promote resilient, greener, intelligent and sustainable urban mobility models in LAC cities. Many cities in the developing world are embarking on transit reforms, of which Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are key elements. The impetus is driven by the need to address the negative externalities generated by the often low-regulated traditional bus system congestions, traffic-related accidents, GHG and local pollutant emissions. Many reforms are also driven by the notion that restructuring the supply chain, applying stricter quality control and more efficient regulations will ultimately result in meeting passenger needs in terms of improved accessibility, affordability and safety. This activity will promote a resilient, greener, intelligent, and sustainable urban mobility model in LAC cities by developing a toolkit with three modules: (i) a manual to foster diagnosis of ITS systems; (ii) a manual to ease integral implementation of ITS systems, and (iii) an open source platform to support city-wide reform by integrating privately generated data into public planning and operating processes. This activity will be starting with LAC cities such as Mexico (CDMX), the largest and most populated metropolis in Latin America and the output would be reusable and replicable worldwide. 

An international example of how to assimilate a conventional bus system into a city-wide integrated scheme, learned from comprehensive reform undertaken in Seoul, will serve as an important reference.  

List of Activities

1. Document successful international experiences and client needs 
2. Manual ITS diagnosis
3. Manual for ITS ecosystem improvement 
4. World Bank developed open-source platform to support city-wide reforms 
5. Dissemination

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• International best practice and needs report

Output 2:

• Manual for ITS diagnosis 

Output 3:

• Manual for ITS recommendations on city-wide bus reforms 

Output 4:

• World Bank open-source platform for fleet control developed

Output 5:

• Toolkit, website, and Report 

Outcomes:

1. Improved efficiency:  The outputs of this grant will help improve planning and operation. This allows for efficiency gains on two fronts. First, by making transit systems more attractive to users, it will incite changes in consumer behavior by increasing the number of users that prefer more efficient public transport over unsustainable private modes. In addition, better planning and operation, and proper integration will increase the efficiency in the operation of the transport system. In sum, an integrated, more efficient and attractive public transport is affordable, safe, and effectively reduces congestion, local air pollution and its health impacts, and GHG emissions.     

2. Greater resilience:  Promote increased resilience.  A primary focus will be to make cities, transport systems more resilient against risks arising from past development mistakes and a changing climate. This includes the ability to quickly respond to changing needs, protection against extreme weather events, and even serve as part of a response mechanisms in case of a crisis. 

3. Increased competitiveness: Underpinning the Korean vision of green growth is the notion that a focus on green sustainability need not come at the expense of growth and that greening can also be a source of increased competitiveness. This is particularly true for transport and urban policies where substantial synergies exist between environment, energy efficiency and growth objectives. More efficient planning and operation lead to increased efficiency, transparency, and competitiveness.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korea World Bank Group Partnership Facility (KWPF)
• Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korea (MOLIT)
• ITS Korea
• Valle de Aburra Metropolitan Area (AMVA) Transport Authority in Medellin, Colombia
• Seoul Transport Authority and The Seoul Development Institute (SDI)
• ORT Mexico (Transport Authority)
• Transport for London (TfL)
• International Association of Public Transport (UITP)
• World Resource Institute (WRI)

Related Links and Documents

Basic Information

Grant Activities

Project summary

The objective of this grant is to support the pilot service of BRT Line 1 and 2 electric buses in the Integrated Transport System of the Aubrra Valley (SITVA), including recommendations for creating a new bus operator for the corridor of Colombia. Urban transport highly impacts the entire transport sector—the mobility of people and goods accounts for approximately 23 percent of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, and 15 percent of global GHG emissions. The long-term partnership between the World Bank and the Government of Colombia will support a radical change towards decreased emissions and fossil fuel use in the sector. This partnership has helped Colombia, and particularly SITVA, lead the way in urban transport and become internationally known for innovation. This KGGTF grant supports the program in its use of mainstream green growth strategies and desire to influence government expenditure and investments in future infrastructure. This grant will also support the systematic use of technical and operational know-how.  

List of Activities

1. Implementation of an electric bus pilot corridor and identification of most adequate electric bus corridors based on technology and operational conditions

• Support the client in designing and applying criteria to confirm or identify corridors for pilots
• Assessment of the available technology and operational conditions under which the pilot should be implemented
• Support to the design and implementation of procurement process
• Design of testing program to closely monitor and report key performance operating indicators

2. Support Metrobus restructure as public operator and capacity building – Institutional restructure, capacity building and Knowledge Exchange and dissemination
3. Evaluation of barriers and linkages with the Electricity Sector Regulation

• Evaluation of power sector barriers linked to the access to the grid of Electric Vehicles
• Analysis of the regulatory framework related to distribution companies
• Defined role of power distribution companies and their influence on new charging stations and transport concessions business models.

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Recommendation report
• Informed bidding documents and procurement process 

Output 2:

• Institutional restructuring recommendations report
• Capacity building strategy report 
• Participation and dissemination in workshops and conferences

Output 3:

• Report on barriers and implications for power sector
• Workshop on experiences from other countries, including Korea

Outcomes:

• Improved efficiency: The activity will generate knowledge and allow to advance on the learning curve to implement electric buses in an integrated system. Electric buses allow for efficiencies in fuel consumption and maintenance costs. In addition, the institutional support will prevent inefficiencies in the system management by preventing capacity gaps and improper coordination mechanisms 
• Greater resilience: A hierarchically integrated multimodal transport system is more accessible and responsive to user demands, the overall resilience of the transport network will maintain.  
• Increased competitiveness: The Korean experience exemplified how a strong focus on public transport improvement can bring about fiscal and environmental gains. After the reform, the total combined deficit for bus, metro, and rail decreased, as well as the social costs of transportation. In 2005, Seoul’s government reported a gain of nearly $2.4 billion in social benefits through reductions in travel time ($2.0 billion), driving costs ($0.3 billion), accidents ($47 million), and air pollution ($41 million). This activity will target, not only efficiency and promotion of clean buses, but also ensuring appropriate system management and sustainability through ensuring institutional capacity for implementation. Hence, enabling benefits associated to public transport to materialize.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Green Technology Center-Korea (GTC-K)
• Korea Transport Institute (KOTI)
• World Resources Institute (WRI
• International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)
• C40 cities initiative (of Medellin is part)
• Sustainable Low Carbon Transport (SLoCaT)

Related Links and Documents

Basic Information

Grant Activities

Project summary

The objective of this grant is to support the successful fulfillment of Hanoi’s Urban Transport Masterplan with the aim to reduce GHG emissions, relieve traffic congestion, and provide safe, clean public transport services that improve quality of life and access to economic opportunities. In Hanoi’s pursuit of promoting sustainable growth and attracting new users to public transport, the government has issued an Urban Transport Masterplan including eight new metro lines, three of which are currently under construction, along with complementary BRT lines.  The World Bank recently completed a lending project for construction of the first BRT line in Hanoi.  To build on the momentum of this BRT line and continue to promote a shift to increased use of public transport, it is critical that the next mass transit corridor selected for design and construction maximize impact, drawing in the most passengers from less sustainable modes, while providing safe, clean, and efficient access to the city’s job centers.  

In order to assess the mass transit corridors that can provide the greatest benefit, this KGGTF program will fund a network-wide accessibility analysis of the proposed mass transit corridors. This analysis will include any potential for bus route rationalization as it fits in with the future mass transit network.  The importance of such an analysis is significant in providing decision makers information that enables them to maximize the social, environmental, and economic return on future investments.

List of Activities

1. Accessibility analysis
2. Leverage the private sector 
3. Collaboration and best practice sharing 

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Identification and use of accessibility analysis software
• Identification of priority mass transit corridor to pursue

Output 2:

• Private sector pursued by government

Output 3:

• Partnership with CityNet 
• Partnership with other Korean institutions and cities 

Outcomes:

• Improved efficiency:  Complementary measures to promote smart investments and incite changes in consumer behavior driving efficiency.  For example, a combination of smart urban planning, investments in public transport, pricing policies, ICT and social marketing are needed to ensure public transport is affordable, safe, and effectively reduces congestion, local air pollution and its health impacts, and GHG emissions.    
• Greater resilience:  Promote increased resilience.  A primary focus will be to make cities, transport systems more resilient against risks arising from past development mistakes and a changing climate. This includes smart infrastructure design that is well adapted to a variety of futures, protection against extreme weather events, integrated water resources management and mechanisms to avoid disruptions of urban and transport services in cases of natural disasters.  
• Increased competitiveness: Underpinning the Korean vision of green growth is the notion that a focus on green sustainability need not come at the expense of growth and that greening can also be a source of increased competitiveness.  This is particularly true for transport and urban policies where substantial synergies exist between environment, energy efficiency and growth objectives.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• CityNet
• Seoul Metropolitan Government
• Korean Transport Institute (KOTI)
• Hanoi People’s Committee
• Hanoi Department of Transport (DOT)
• Hanoi Transport & Management Operation Centre (TRAMOC)
• Hanoi Public Transport Service Company (TRANSERCO)
• Hanoi Metro Company
• Hanoi Traffic Police
• Asian Development Bank (ADB)
• Agence Française de Développement (AFD)
• European Investment Bank (EIB)

Related Links and Documents