Urban

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Project summary

This multi-year program for Indian officials, including the Ministry of Urban Development, analyzed economic and physical development opportunities associated with connectivity improvements through a 1,839-km corridor. Already embarking on low-carbon transition, the program also identified options to maximize those opportunities, including good policies and programs. The team also summarized the socio-economic and demographic profile of the six states lining the corridor and identified the most promising three sub- regions in the state of Uttar Pradesh as potential industrial and logistic hubs for continued in-depth studies.  

List of Activities

• Supporting green urban development along India’s Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC), which is currently under construction with World Bank support
• Supporting analytical work to set-out options for green urban development along the EDFC in response to a specific request that has been received from the Department of Economic Affairs, Government of India
• Ensuring that the carbon footprint of urban development along the EDFC is minimized, based on the Korean experience in the development of such green secondary cities (i.e., Sejong city)

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Intermediate report on initial corridor diagnostics covering: detailed economic, demographic & institutional analysis (including analysis of land delivery systems) of locations along the EDFC; and estimates of freight & passenger trip volumes, as well as mode splits for freight & passenger movements along the EDFC corridor under different scenarios, etc.

Output 2:

• Intermediate report on likely development patterns along the EDFC based on spatial economic analysis of the changing economic geography of market potential associated with EDFC investments and various scenarios, selective reconnaissance survey and feedback from consultative events with central government entities and the states

Output 3:

• Final options paper on green urban development scenarios and recommendations supporting each scenario along the EDFC

Outcomes:

The program intends to produce three main outputs: 1) intermediate report on initial corridor diagnostics, 2) intermediate report on likely development patterns along the EDFC, and 3) final options paper on green urban development scenarios and recommendations supporting each scenario along the EDFC. It utilizes two main results indicators: 1) dissemination of findings from analytical work on the options for green urban development along the EDFC to relevant actors in central and state governments, as evidenced by the successful holding of a series of consultative events, and 2) MoUD and GoI policy on green urban development along the EDFC informed, as evidenced by references in policy speeches, official documentation etc. to the options for such development as set-out in a Bank prepared “options paper”.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

Leveraging on the Bank’s existing partnership with the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) in key Flagship activities – notably, in the formation of a network of urban practitioners – this program has provided an opportunity to extend this collaboration.

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In Mexico, urban population in 10 more metropolitan areas and 50 cities over the last thirty years has doubled. Most of the newer urban areas are developed with low-density housing development that resulted in a patched urban development pattern and forced low-income families to live far core urban areas. Such urban growth pattern also results in social instability and decaying infrastructure. To help address unsustainable urban expansion, the Mexican Government initiated the DUIS (Desarrollos Urbanos Integrales Sustentables; integrated sustainable urban development program) whose methodology and incentive package are geared towards green field initiatives through smart-growth and sustainable principles. The instruments for urban redevelopment under the DUIS Program aim at strengthening intra-urban redevelopment programs through support for a framework and package of incentives, including funding, subsidies, guarantees, access to equity funding, and/ or technical advice.

List of Activities

• Supporting the Government of Mexico to promote green growth in urban areas through public-private intra-urban re-development projects
• Providing technical advice to strengthen the Desarrollos Urbanos Integrales Sustentables (DUIS) program through the design of a framework and a package of incentives (including funding, subsidies, guarantees, access to equity funds, and/or technical advice)
• Developing intra-urban redevelopment projects in medium-sized Mexican cities with public and private sector participation

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Three cities with planned re-development projects (currently under review by the DUIS Program) would benefit directly from the proposal: Tlaquepaque, Jalisco; Guadalajara, Jalisco and Puebla, Puebla 

Output 2:

• The DUIS program has mobilized total investments for around US$2 billion (public + private, nation-wide). 

Output 3:

• 3 knowledge sharing/dissemination events with private and public stakeholders 

Output 4:

• DUIS program enhanced to include intra-urban redevelopment options 
• Policy and regulatory reform drafted and adopted at local level to support intra-urban redevelopment

Outcomes:

The project intends to develop a package of instruments (financial, legal, technical) to ensure that cities have feasible alternatives to increasing housing supply for urban residents beyond the expansion of urban areas. It is expected to support the DUIS initiative to develop a specific package of incentives for urban redevelopment which will act as a catalyst to improve medium-sized cities in Mexico.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

The Korean Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) served as a main partner for the proposed activities. The KRIHS has extensive research and practical experience on urban redevelopment in Seoul and other major cities of Korea, in terms of financial incentives, regulatory and legal frameworks. It was also in charge of providing a linkage with major development companies and financial firms who had worked on redevelopment cases in downtown Seoul to get some advisory role from market participants. In addition, there was also collaboration with Seoul Metropolitan Government  to leverage its extensive experiences in re-development of urban centers to share their experiences and perspectives of providing incentive structures to promote high-density, mixed use development.

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Project summary

Many countries are moving away from disposal-focused approaches to solid waste management by reducing the volume of solid waste through reuse and recycling. The program is developing knowledge products that foster innovation and highlight best practices for policies, technologies, and practices to support and apply green and inclusive growth strategies in the LAC region’s solid waste and green city initiatives. Applying those tools in pilot countries will help enable greening of waste management, benefiting more than 40 projects in a variety of sectors.

List of Activities

• Global Knowledge: compiling knowledge, best practices and innovations related to policies, technologies, private and informal sector involvement on solid waste management (SWM) topics including recycling, waste reduction, litter management, greenhouse gas emissions
• Entry points in WB projects in LAC: identifying opportunities for involvement in the existing project portfolio and as part of future green city projects in the following areas: policy development, financing, and knowledge development
• Technical Assistance: developing toolkits and other materials for training that can be rolled out within the context of existing projects where opportunities have been identified
• Support with project design: incorporating best practices in the design of new SD operations in LAC, which involve SWM components
• Delivery of support: developing a network of practitioners to support knowledge development and innovation in this space
• Monitoring and evaluation: developing frameworks for monitoring impact of interventions

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• At least one municipality in each of the countries where ongoing SWM projects are being implemented (in LAC): i.e. Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Argentina, Peru, and Haiti benefits from tools developed under this project 

Output 2:

• Ongoing projects incorporate knowledge generated by this work in the development of sector strategies and in the implementation of activities 

Output 3:

• Design of new projects are informed by knowledge generated through this proposal, and new projects incorporate elements of innovative SWM  

Output 4:

• At least four south-south knowledge sharing events conducted on: SWM technologies, management models, informal sector involvement, financing 

Output 5:

• Community of practice with participants from at least six countries exchanging knowledge

Outcomes:

As an expected outcome, this project intends to support strategies for green and inclusive growth strategies in the waste management sub-sector and apply them in the region’s solid waste and green city initiatives. Through knowledge development, development of tools and their application it on the ground, the grant will help create the enabling environment for greening of waste management using the LAC SWM portfolio, which includes more than 40 projects, covering a variety of sectors and through the evolving green city engagement in the region.  

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

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To help Ecuador cope with uncoordinated urban sprawl fueled by population growth, the program enhances government capacity to manage green urban planning. The program supports development of an analytical framework and policy guidelines for sustainable urban growth built on principles of high density, mixed land use, smart growth, transit-oriented development, and environmental considerations. Korean experts are sharing their lessons and experiences in urban and transit development, and financing instruments for mixed land use. 

List of Activities

• Providing analytical framework and practical guidelines to develop a green urban growth strategy
• Developing a pilot project to apply the guidelines on smart urban growth  
• Enhancing the capacity of the Governments to manage greener urban planning practice and policy formulation

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• In-depth analysis of current land use and zoning system and identifying opportunities and challenges in the current land use regulations  

Output 2:

• Spatial assessment of the selected metropolitan areas and mapping socio-economic vulnerability and environmentally sensitive areas, understanding the trends of urban growth in the selected metropolitan areas, identifying areas for high-density development

Output 3:

• Development of practical guideline for green urban growth strategy reflecting the context of each country based on the principles of high density/mixed land use, transit-oriented development, environmental sustainability and smart urban design standards 

Output 4:

• An analytical work to select a pilot program that can serve as quick demonstration effects

Output 5:

• Preparation of a pilot project which lays out the key concept, overarching design principle, preliminary engineering design, as well as implementation plan and financing strategy, based on stakeholder participation

Output 6:

• Provide demand-driven ‘just in-time’ notes on international experiences of transit-oriented development and various planning tools for smart growth

Output 7:

• Organize a learning event or study tour on green urban land management (for instance, in collaboration with Seoul Metropolitan Government)

Outcomes:

The outcomes of this project include support for an analytical framework and policy guidelines for a sustainable urban growth strategy built on smart growth, transit-oriented development, and environmental consideration, in order to cope with continuing urban sprawl and uncoordinated urban expansion in the main metropolitan areas of Panama and Ecuador, as well as support for developing a pilot project in each country which would have demonstration effects of smart urban design and integrated land and transport plan. In addition, the grant also intended an important impact on the ongoing World Bank TA programs on integrated urban land management and land-based financing instruments in Panama and Ecuador. Finally, the project intended to help policy makers and planners incorporating transit-oriented development, smart land use, and innovative financing instruments to their broader urban planning practice and policy formulation.   

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

The Korean Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) served as a main partner for the proposed activities. In fact, KRIHS had a bilateral meeting in July 2011 with the Government of Ecuador about their potential collaboration in sustainable urban growth management and housing agenda following the recent summit meeting between the two countries. Both KRIHS and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development have expressed a strong interest in tri-party collaboration with the Bank to facilitate the urban growth agenda in Ecuador. In addition, further collaboration with other Korean agencies such as the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (MLTMA) and the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), the Seoul Metropolitan Government, and the Korean Transport Institute had been envisaged.  

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The green vision for the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region (RMRJ) program aims to build a foundation for long-term sustainable planning and governance. It will focus on supporting the development of a green vision to complement and enrich the state’s integrated territorial development approach. The project will support Rio’s transition to a post-modern sustainable city through two types of activities: (i) technical assistance to build capacity at the metropolitan level for urban planning to address region-wide green growth issues; and (ii) a multi-stakeholder process to develop and disseminate a knowledge product on metropolitan-based green growth in the region. These activities will support the emergence of the RMRJ as an eco-metropolis that leverages its strategic investments and economic potential to produce sustainable and inclusive economic growth.  

List of Activities

• Enhancing the capacity of metropolitan institutions in the state of Rio de Janeiro to execute sectoral and inter-sectoral plans in areas related to green growth such as transport and disaster risk management
• Continuing and deepening the engagement with Rio de Janeiro in the area of metropolitan governance and integrated territorial growth development and planning
• Mitigating the negative impact of rapid urban development and failure of cooperation at inter-municipal level
• Promoting South-South knowledge exchange on best practices in sustainable urban development and green growth in Brazil and Korea.

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Foster debate of possible institutional models for metropolitan governance in Rio de Janeiro 

Output 2:

• Comparative study of metropolitan governance and green growth metropolitan strategies in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, and Recife) and Korea (Seoul and Gangreung City), including different ways to deal with conflicts and cooperation incentives at inter-municipal level in key sectors around which metropolitan institutions are effectively the best level for management.

Output 3:

• Strengthened capacity of metropolitan institutions in Rio de Janeiro state

Outcomes:

The expected outcomes of the project are in (i) fostering debate of possible institutional models for metropolitan governance in Rio de Janeiro, (ii) producing a comparative study of metropolitan governance and green growth metropolitan strategies in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, and Recife) and Korea (Seoul and Gangreung City), including different ways to deal with conflicts and cooperation incentives at inter-municipal level in key sectors around which metropolitan institutions are effectively the best level for management, and (iii) strengthened capacity of metropolitan institutions in Rio de Janeiro state.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

This project sought the provision of technical assistance to build urban planning capacity and develops and disseminates urban green growth knowledge products and lessons learned in partnership with the Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG). 

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Project summary

Spatially constrained and environmentally fragile, the Rio metropolitan area has made the Rio Stage region susceptible to environmental disaster. To support sustainable economic growth and implementation of Rio de Janeiro’s ISO-certified low-carbon city program, two innovative programs are helping Brazil’s second largest metropolitan area to improve social services and decrease environmental degradation. The first of its kind, the low-carbon city development program is providing tools to quantify and track GHG emissions, helping Rio to promote resource efficiency while creating green jobs. The new harmonized approach leverages financial and technical tools to help structure and implement future municipal low- carbon investments.  

List of Activities

• Conducting a scoping study and work with the Municipal Government to set up a pilot monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) system for demonstration projects, which will comprise the backbone of the Program and be expanded to ensure its longevity in the City of Rio de Janeiro
• Conducting a scoping study and work with stakeholders to prepare a strategic plan for innovative financial products, including potential carbon-linked financial products, to implement one or more of the energy efficiency findings from the TRACE study
• Conducting a retrospective GHG analysis of past interventions following the LCCDP process in order to transparently demonstrate achievement of Rio’s 2012 GHG Reduction Targets and populate the MRV system
• Producing one or more learning materials in order to facilitate a knowledge exchange with other cities interested in developing an LCCDP

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Implementation of the Rio Low-Carbon City Development Program 

Output 2:

• Structuring, leveraging of finance, and implementation of current and future municipal investments in a low-carbon way on the ground in Rio 

Output 3:

• Catalytic impact by providing tools to quantify and track emissions and additional carbon-related financing 

Output 4:

• Promote green urban growth, resource efficiency, and green jobs through low-carbon investment 

Output 5:

• Promote innovation and development of city-level carbon finance mechanisms and low-carbon development programs 

Output 6:

• South-South and South-North knowledge exchange with other cities 

Outcomes:

This project envisages outcomes such as increased knowledge and ‘literacy' of Rio Prefeitura regarding city-wide low carbon development and a heightened awareness of carbon impacts of municipal activities and investments, particularly for the evaluation of future municipal investments ahead of the mega-events (FIFA World Cup in 2014 and Summer Olympics in Rio in 2016). In the longer term, the LCCDP will lead to advancing city-level carbon finance and the implementation of climate change mitigation interventions in all urban sectors under the program. This will lead to knowledge generation and ample opportunities for South-South knowledge exchange with other mega-cities.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

This project collaborated with Korean partners, such as Gwangju City, UNEP, and KEI, based on the partnership and their commitment to explore urban carbon finance under the Urban Environmental Accords (presented at the 2011 Gwangju Summit). This partnership will be conducted for knowledge exchanges between Rio and another UEA-member city interested in undertaking design of an LCCDP or exploring innovative carbon-linked financial products to implement energy efficiency measures (such as Belo Horizonte, which recently conducted a TRACE assessment). 

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Project summary

With more than half of the world living in cities, and with urban populations expected to double in developing countries in a generation, rapid urbanization poses one of the greatest challenges of the century. The program sees also this as an opportunity to implement new approaches, new markets, new technologies, and new values for green economic growth. The program aims to build and strengthen green growth strategic, practical and technical know-how to improve urban land use planning, and contribute to resilient, participatory environmentally and socially inclusive urban growth.

List of Activities

Output 1:

• New modules on green growth developed, including topics on (i) urban expansion and energy efficiency, and (ii) sustainable land based financing 

Output 2:

• Customized course developed and piloted jointly with selected implementing agencies in Africa (including universities or other national or regional knowledge institutions such as ARDHI in Tanzania, Eduardo Mondlaine University in Mozambique, and others) 

Output 3:

• One regional workshop on innovative practices in urban land use planning and management in Africa

Outcomes:

• Contribute to global knowledge by developing and piloting practitioner e-learning training modules on cutting-edge urban land use planning and management techniques
• Facilitate peer-to-peer learning through knowledge exchange workshops and virtual practitioner networks
• Mobilized substantial resources from Open Learning Campus (OLC) and various external partners - KRIHS, WRI, MIT, WMO,NIUA and MT, to jointly develop and deliver the knowledge products

Outputs and Outcomes

Expected outcomes of this project include the development and strengthening of strategic and practical knowledge and skills among policy-makers and practitioners to integrate green growth principles, approaches, and tools into urban planning and management practices. This outcome is further expected to help reorient cities in developing countries towards a more efficient, resilient, sustainable and inclusive development path.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

This project worked with the Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul Housing Corporation and Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements to develop several Korean cases on land readjustment, transit-oriented development, flood management, land markets, and public space, which have been incorporated into the global knowledge products. For example, a blended learning workshop on Sustainable Urban Land Use Planning and Management was conducted in Seoul in collaboration with the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements and OLC, which brought together 40 senior officials from 21 developing countries

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Project summary

The inclusive green growth for East Asia-Pacific cities program is helping address rapid urbanization in the city of Surabaya by helping the Government learn good practices in green growth planning. Incorporating methodologies developed from Korea’s inclusive green growth experience, the program will help Surabaya leaders choose energy-efficient solutions for infrastructure and develop a sustainable urban energy and emissions plan. Participation will help Surabaya leadership promote Surabaya’s low-carbon city development agenda, leading to a virtuous cycle: improved capacity for policymaking and urban energy and green investment management should in turn attract private sector investments to improve the local economy.

List of Activities

• City-level consultations and analysis of existing strategic plan, sustainability plan (if any), climate change action plan, and adaptation plans to identify priorities, gaps and opportunities for alignment of medium-term mitigation interventions with long-term strategic goals
• Baseline analysis of city GHG Emissions (pilot testing of the Global Protocol for Community-scale GHG Emissions) and capacity building within the local government for ongoing monitoring to quantify emissions reductions at the sectoral and project scale
• Review of programs and expenditures (historical and planned) in land use-transport integration, renewable energy, and green industries to determine barriers to implementation/scaling up

Outputs and Outcomes

Year 1 - Output 1:

• Development of the Low Carbon Green City Planning System module (and model) to objectively and scientifically evaluate policy alternatives for sustainable development 

Output 2:

• Development of GHG emissions inventory for pilot cities  

Output 3:

• Development of a low carbon green city planning system for pilot cities 

Output 4:

• Identification of carbon financing opportunities  

Output 5:

• Capacity-building/training, knowledge sharing and dissemination

Year 2 - Output 1:

• Development of GHG emissions inventory for pilot cities (phase 2) 

Output 2:

• Development of a low carbon green city planning system for pilot cities (phase 2)  

Output 3:

• Identification of carbon financing opportunities 

Output 4:

• Capacity-building/training, knowledge sharing and dissemination 

Outcomes:

The outcomes of this project will provide a prioritization framework for city level investments which, through the integrated planning process, would allow projects to be prepared in a manner that facilitates access to city-level sources of carbon financing (e.g., climate funds).  The lessons learned from the integrated planning process would then be shared more broadly with other cities in the region.   

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS)

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Indonesia is one of the most urbanized countries in Asia, with an urban population share of 54% in 2010. The Bank through support from KGGTF is supporting the Government of Indonesia on promoting urban green growth by improving spatial planning and integrated databases in selected cities. The sustainable urban growth analytics and planning systems program team is identifying trends in cities’ spatial expansion to strengthen capacity in sustainable urban spatial growth analytics; and link sustainable growth analytics to improved spatial and investment planning. The program analyzes the determinants of spatial growth patterns and implications for green urban growth and outlines sustainable infrastructure investments in three cities.

List of Activities

• Urban Spatial Growth Analysis -- to provide systemic support to cities in spatial growth analysis
• Land and Real Estate Market Monitoring -- to incubate land and real estate market monitoring in partner cities including:  
• Strengthening Integrated Spatial and Development Planning Systems – to include technical assistance to support cities to better integrate sector planning processes, link quality analytics to planning systems and strengthen the institutional framework for applied planning (i.e., regulations, planning enforcement, permitting and licensing systems)

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Identifying trends in spatial expansion and comparing them to the city’s master plans and projections in three cities
• Analyze underlying causes of the patterns of spatial growth and the implications for urban environmental sustainability in three cities
• Assess future spatial growth patterns and outlining a program of sustainable infrastructure investment in three partner cities 

Output 2:

• Methodological design of land and real estate market monitoring systems

Output 3:

• Technical assistance program to assist cities perform and build institutional capacity in urban and spatial growth analytics.

Output 4:

• Pilot land and real estate monitoring systems 
• Integration of land and real estate market analytics into investment and spatial planning in three cities

Output 5:

• Diagnostic on planning enforcement and management systems
• Technical assistance to strengthen planning systems

Outcomes:

Some of the results indicators for the project include: (i) development of methodological tools for sustainable urban spatial growth and land market analytics; (ii) revised spatial and investment planning instruments informed by advanced sustainable urban growth analytics conducted under the grant; and (iii) improved development planning enforcement and management systems. 

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

The program has provided selected local government officials with hands-on spatial planning training and will also host a national workshop with governments to discuss policy implications stemming from the study results, where the workshop will invite urban stakeholders in the central government level, selected local governments, and partners from KGGP and SMG. 

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Rapid urbanization is a welcomed continent-wide trend in Africa. This program aims to assist cities anticipating using green growth principles and innovations. New rapidly growing cities can avoid the severe consequences stemming from inefficiencies, pollution, and other related factors, and could benefit from early interventions to enhance economic and spatial growth. Assisting national and local governments of cities in Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Senegal and Tanzania, the program is helping to identify and diagnose key bottlenecks and constraints to sustainable, green development. It is also promoting and strengthening integration of sustainable management, environmental and green development initiatives and activities in future development strategies.

List of Activities

• Preparation of an urban environmental profile
• Valuation of urban natural capital and interventions that alter urban ecosystems
• Development of a toolkit to mitigate the deterioration of urban natural assets and ecosystem services, and promote green urban growth
• Linking African with Korean institutions  

Outputs and Outcomes

Output 1:

• Reports on constraints to green growth and urban development, based on the 5 country city study 

Output 2:

• Strategies identifying short term, medium term and long term interventions to enhance green growth and urban development in the region, with reference to the 5 case countries 

Output 3:

• 2-3 regional workshops completed on Greening the Urban development Agenda, including dissemination of diagnostic work 

Output 4:

• 1-2 study tours: South to South on best practices in green urban development 

Output 5

• 3-4 World Bank urban projects with integration of “green growth” components and activities 

Outcomes:

The expected outcomes of the project include improved information and analysis of the key urban environmental externalities arising from urbanization in SSA and the interplay between urban development, natural assets, and ecosystem services; an economically grounded assessment of the value of the natural capital base and the ecosystem services generated by these assets, and the costs and benefits associated with interventions that significantly alter aspects of this base, in three case-study cities; a portfolio of tools (instruments, strategies and approaches), which public agencies will find useful to mitigate negative environmental externalities deriving from urbanization and enhance green urban development; and a study examining the feasibility of linking one or more African academic institutions to Korean institutions to promote the dissemination of lessons and demonstration models on green urban development and design.

Collaboration with K-Partners and Others

• Korea Research Institute for Human Resources (KRIHS)
• Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)

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